Exam 3 Grammar Flashcards
When in general is the imperfect tense used?
describing habitual actions in the past tense
descriptions of things/people
describing context/situations
What tense do you use when describing age in past tense?
imperfect
What tense do you use when describing emotional and mental states?
imperfect
What tense do you use when describing time and weather?
imperfect
Which tense do you use for two simulataneous events?
imperfect
Which tense do you use when something is interrupting something else?
the imperfect and then switch to the passato prossimo
What are words that indicate the imperfect?
da bambino/a normalmente sempre spesso di solito tutti prima mentre (then followed by passato prossimo)
Explain why “ieri stavo bene” is in the imperfect?
because you are describing a mental state, despite having a specific time
When do you use the passato prossimo in general?
to describe ACTIONS that took place in the past, but are not habitual
Which tense do you use to talk about actions that occurred in a sequence?
passato prossimo
What do you need to be careful of with mentre
The first verb after mentre always uses the imperfect; however, the second verb after mentre can be imperfect or passato prossimo
It is passato prossimo if interrupting
It is imperfect if occurring at the same time
What phrases often indicate the passato prossimo?
a AGE anni AGE anni fa una volta ma da quando a specific length of time (ex: due settimana fa)
Explain why the sentence is conjugated as follows: Carla è andata via da Napoli quando aveva due anni
First, you use è andata cause we are specifying a specific length of time “quando aveva due anni”
Second, you use aveva because we are describing age
How do you often conjugate chiamare in the past tense?
often use the imperfect since it describes people
Which 4 verbs are irregular in the imperfect?
essere
bere
dire
fare
Essere conjugation in imperfect
ero eri era eravamo eravate erano
Bere conjugation in imperfect
bevevo bevevi beveva bevevamo bevevate bevevano
Dire conjugation in imperfect
dicevo dicevi diceva dicevamo dicevate dicevano
fare conjugation in imperfect
facevo facevi faceva facevamo facevate facevano
What auxillary verb do viaggare and visitare use?
avere
When using “stare bene” how do you use it correctly?
It is similar to piacere
So to say you looked good in the jacket you say: La giacca mi sta bene
How do you say he looks good in the pants?
I pantaloni gli stanno bene
What are the two things you need to note when using “stare bene”
Make sure to conjugate stare according to the article of clothing (sta / stanno)
Make sure to use the correct INDIRECT object pronoun
What do you need to be careful of when using piacere?
Make sure to convert to piacciono if plural
What are the reflexive pronouns?
mi ti si ci vi si
What are the indirect object pronouns?
mi ti gli / le ci vi gli
When do we use indirect object pronouns?
to replace nouns which are preceded by “a”
What are the direct object pronouns?
mi ti lo / la ci vi li / le
What do you have to be careful of when using third person SINGULAR articles
Need to drop the vowel and add an apostrophe before words that start with a vowel or “h”
When do you use “ne”
Ne is the pronoun you use when something is countable
Ex: quanto ne vuole?
How do you conjugate reflexive verbs in passato prossimo?
use the correct article, conjugate essere, and change ending of verb accordingly
How do you conjugate reflexive verbs in imperfect?
use the correct pronoun and then just conjugate like regular imperfect
What do possessive adjectives agree with?
the subject you are talking about
What does parente me?
relative, not a parent
When do you not use an article with possessive adjectives?
When speaking about singular family members, with the exception of loro
How do you say their sister versus his sister?
la loro sorella
sua sorella
Do you use an article with plural family members?
yes
Do you use an article with a finace / pets / boyfriend / girlfriend?
yes
When do you use an article even with singular family members?
with loro and when family members are modified in ending
Difference between svegliarsi and alzarsi?
svegliarsi = to wake up
alzarsi = to get up
What is correre in the past tense?
corso
What does cambiare mean?
to change
What does trovare mean?
to find
What does mettere mean?
to put (can also mean to put on)
How do you say “ a package”
un pacco di
What measure do you use for ground beef/ carne macinata?
due etti e mezzo di
What does due etti e mezzo mean?
250 grams
How much fish would you buy for yourself?
un chilo
How many potatoes would you buy?
due chile
How do you conjugate farsi?
since it is a reflexive, you use essere as the auxiliary and have to change the ending appropriately to agree in gender
still use it’s passato prosimo ending
ex: Carla si è fatta la doccia
How do you conjugate piacere in the passato prossimo?
first, add the correct reflexive pronoun before
then, use essere and conjugate either singular è or plural sono depending on what you like
conjugate the ending of piaciuto according to the subject that you like
How do you say: I liked the party
Mi è piaciuta la festa
How do you say: He liked the pants
Gli sono piaciuti i pantaloni
What pronouns does piacere take?
indirect object pronouns, since replacing something like “A Lorenzo piace…”
mi ti gli / le ci vi gli
Which expressions of time come before the verb?
Di solito, qualche volta, normalmente
Which expressions of time come after the verb?
spesso, sempre, raramente
Would you use an article when saying my older sister?
Yes, because you are giving an adjective
Ex: La mia sorella maggiore
What auxiliary verb does diventare take in the pasato prosimo?
essere
How do you say: I was born on October 17th, 1999
Sono nata il 17 Octobre 1999
Which pronouns does chiamarsi take?
it is a reflexive verb, so it takes the reflexive pronouns
What does conoscersi mean and what does it imply?
It means to meet for the first time, which in the past tense implies that you should use the passato prossimo
What pronoun before “carne”
La
What pronoun before “pesce”
Il
What pronoun before “latte”
Il
When do you use indossare versus vestirsi?
When talking about your style, you use vestirsi
Ex: Mi vesto sportiva
What is eggs / the eggs ?
l’uovo / le uova
Does fidanzato/a or compagno/a use an article before their possessive pronoun?
Yes!
Someone who is engaged/dating is not considered part of the family yet
What do you need to be careful of when conjugating “essere” stem words?
Need to make sure to change the endings appropriately, specifically you need to make sure that it is not a group of just girls
What is cousin and what is brother in law?
Cousin = cugino
Brother in law = cognato
How do you say daughter in law and son in law?
Daughter in law: nuora
Son in law: genero
How do you say “a clove of garlic”?
Un spicchio di aglio
What unit of measure would you use for “latte”?
litro
What is a major indicator of the passato prossimo?
Whenever a specific period of time is given, even if it is “per molti anni”
What can “da bambina” indicate?
First and foremost, it indicates imperfect
It can also show you later to use a -a ending if you switch to the passatto prossimo
How does esserci need to be conjugated in imperfect?
Normally c’era which means “there was”
What does “stamattina” indicate normally?
Indicates the passato prossimo because it tells us a specific time
What does prendere mean?
to take
What does “quando” in the middle of a sentence normally indicate?
It normally indicates that a previous action was interrupted, so you go from imperfect to passatto prossimo
THIS IS NOT THE SAME WHEN QUANDO IS AT THE BEGINNING OF A SENTENCE
Which auxillary verb does “diventare” take?
essere
When you use avere as an auxilary what is true?
You do not need to change the ending of the stem verb
What are the imperfect irregulars?
essere, bere, dire, fare
What is the stem for vedere in passato prossimo?
visto
What auxillary does vivere take?
avere
What is the stem for rimanere in passato prossimo?
rimasto/a
What is the stem of morire in passato prossimo?
morto/a
What is the stem of dire in passato prossimo?
detto
What is the stem of vivere in passato prossimo?
vissuto
What is the stem of offrire in passato prossimo?
offerto
What auxillary does restare take?
avere
What do dovere, volere and potere each mean?
dovere = to have to volere = to want to potere = to be able to
