Exam 3: Glossary

Question 1

24 Population Proportion (p)

Answer 1

Population Proportion (p): Proportion (or percentage) of all the observations in the population having a certain characteristic

Question 2

24 Sample proportion (p^)

Answer 2

Sample proportion (p^): Proportion (or percentage) of successes in a sample; the number of individuals in a sample with a certain characteristic, divided by the sample size

Question 3

24 Sampling distribution of (p^)

Answer 3

Sampling distribution of (p^): A distribution of the sample proportion; a list of all the possible values for p^ together with the frequency (or probability) of each value

Question 4

24 What parameter is the mean of sampling distribution of p^ equal to

Answer 4

mean of sampling distribution of p^ = p

Question 5

24 Standard deviation (of sampling distribution) of p^

Answer 5

Standard deviation of p-hat (or standard deviation of the sampling distribution of p-hat): A measure of the variability of the sampling distribution of p-hat ; equals √(p(1-p)/n)

Question 6

24 sample size guideline

Answer 6

Sample size guideline: np > 10 && n(1-p) > 10, If BOTH are true n is big

Question 7

24 Pie chart

Answer 7

Pie Chart: A graphical display of categorical data using a “pie”; each category is represented as a slice where the size of the slice is proportional to the percentage of data in that category

Question 8

24 Bar Chart

Answer 8

Bar Chart: A graphical representation of categorical data. Names of each category are listed on the x axis and a bar that has height representing the frequency (or percentage) in that category is placed over each category name

Note: Center, shape, spread with bar charts mean NOTHING, don’t apply

Question 9

25 Population Proportion (p)

Answer 9

Population Proportion (p): Proportion (or percentage) of all the observations in the population having a certain characteristic

Question 10

25 Sample Proportion (p^)

Answer 10

Sample Proportion (p^): Proportion (or percentage) of successes in a sample; the number of individuals in a sample with a certain characteristic, divided by the sample size

Question 11

25 Margin of Error

Answer 11

Margin of Error: A table value (multiplier) * standard error; it measures the maximum difference that could exist between p-hat and p at a specified level of confidence

Question 12

25 Standard Error of p^

Answer 12

Standard Error of p^: An estimate of the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of p-hat; =

Question 13

25 Sample size for proportions

Answer 13

Sample size for proportions: n = (zStar/m)^2 * pStar(1-pStar)

- m = Margin of error
- z* = Confidence Level
- p* = 0.5

Question 14

26 one-sample z-test for a proportion

Answer 14

one-sample z-test for a proportion: An inferential procedure using the proportion from one sample to test or estimate the population proportion; the approximate distribution of the test statistic is z or standard normal

Question 15

26 population proportion

Answer 15

population proportion: Proportion (or percentage) of all the observations in the population having a certain characteristic

Question 16

27 2 variable data

Answer 16

2 variable data: data set consists of 2 variables for each individual, want to investigate the relationship between the variables using visual displays and numerical summaries

Question 17

27 explanatory variable (X)

Answer 17

explanatory variable (X): A variable that may or may not explain the outcomes (responses) of a study, also called independent or predictor variable

Question 18

27 response variable (Y)

Answer 18

response variable (Y): A variable that gives the outcomes of interest of the study (may not be a number); also called the dependent variable

Question 19

27 role-type classification

*not in the glossary

Answer 19

role-type classification: What role is a variable (exploratory/response) and what type (categorical/quantitative)

Question 20

27 side-by-side box-plots

*not in the glossary

Answer 20

side-by-side box-plots: graphical representation of C → Q

Question 21

27 one-sample t test

Answer 21

one-sample t test: An inferential procedure using the mean from one sample to test or estimate the population mean; the test statistic follows a t distribution; used when σ is unknown

Question 22

27 one-sample t CI

Answer 22

one-sample t CI: Create a confidence interval based off a test statistic to estimate the value of a parameter.

Question 23

28 Matched pairs data

Answer 23

• Matched pairs data: Individuals are studied in sets of two
  
  • 2 individual and 1 treatment
  • 1 individual 2 treatments
  • 1 individual pre and post measurements

Question 24

28 One sample t procedure for mean

Answer 24

One sample t procedure for mean: An inferential procedure using the mean from one sample to test or estimate the population mean; the test statistic follows a t distribution; used when σ is unknown

Question 25

28 Matched pairs t procedure for mean

Answer 25

• Matched pairs t procedure for mean: The hypothesis testing method for matched pairs data.
  The standard null hypothesis is Ho: μd = 0 where μd is the mean difference between treatments

Question 26

28 Mean difference

*not in the glossary

Answer 26

Mean difference: the average of difference measurements between treatments/subjects

Question 27

29 2-sample data

*Not in glossary

Answer 27

2-sample data: Comparing two different populations by using a sample from each

Question 28

29 2-sample t-test for means

Answer 28

A procedure for comparing the means of two populations using the means from two independent samples, one from each population

Question 28

29 2-sample t-test for means

Answer 28

A procedure for comparing the means of two populations using the means from two independent samples, one from each population

Question 29

29 confidence interval for μ1 − μ2

*Not in glossary

Answer 29

confidence interval for μ1 − μ2: Estimation for the difference between 2 sample means

Question 30

30 Multi-sample data

*Not in glossary

Answer 30

Multi-sample data: Data involving 3 or more populations and a sample from each

Question 31

30 F-test statistic

Answer 31

A test statistic that has an F distribution

Question 32

30 ANOVA

Answer 32

A procedure used to test equality of three or more means

Question 33

31 F-distribution

Answer 33

The distribution that models the ratio of two variance estimates; used in ANOVA for obtaining the P-value for testing equality of three or more means

Question 34

31 conditional distribution

Answer 34

conditional distribution: Numerical summary found by the condition of being one of the categorical variables.

Question 35

31 marginal total

Answer 35

marginal total: The distribution of only one variable in a two way table using counts found by summing over the categories of the other variable

Question 36

31 two way table of counts

Answer 36

two way table of counts: 2-way rectangular table of combine categories

Question 37

31 two way table of counts

Answer 37

two way table of counts: 2-way rectangular table of combine categories

Question 38

32 margin of error for pˆ1 − pˆ2

Answer 38

???

Question 39

32 standard error of pˆ1 − pˆ2

Answer 39

???

Question 40

32 pooled sample proportion pˆ or marginal proportion

Answer 40

The value used for p-hat when computing for the two sample proportion z test statistic. To compute, add the number of successes in both samples and divide by the sum of the two sample sizes

Question 41

31 marginal percentage

Answer 41

The percentage for a row (or column) total in a two table found by dividing the row (or column) total by the table total