Exam 3 flashcards
Amiodarone
potassium channel blocker; prolong repolarization by blocking potassium channels
emergency treatment of ventricular dysrhythmias
neurological impairments, vision change,
photosensitivity
black box warning; pulmonary toxicity, exacerbation of arrythmia, liver injury, heart block
avoid grapefruit juice
Quinidine
sodium channel blocker; decreases sodium influx
used for life-threatening ventricular dysrhythmias
sensitivity to light, arrythmia, thrombocytopenia
take medication even if asymptomatic
Digoxin
cardiac glycoside; inhibit sodium and potassium pump
serum digoxin and potassium should be monitored
yellow or green halo visual effects may happen (signifies toxicity)
narrow therapeutic index
digibind treat toxicity
Nitroglycerin
antianginal; relaxes vascular smooth muscle, resulting in vasodilation
relieve angina from CAD
dangerous drop of bp with erectile agents
after first dose if symptoms not alleviated, call 911
Captopril
ace inhibitor; blocks conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2
treat hypertension and heart failure
hypokalemia and angioedema
black box: pregnant should discontinue due to fetal harm or death
“ace cough” (persistent cough), skewered sense of taste
Furosemide
loop diuretic; in loop of Henle, inhibits sodium and chloride absorption
potassium wasting; hypokalemia
treat edema
must be given slowly through IV to prevent ototoxicity
Mannitol
osmotic diuretic; inhibits the reabsorption of water and electrolytes, promoting excretion
treats renal failure, cerebral edema, and intracellular pressure
promotes excretion of toxic substances
kidney dysfunction
maintain adequate hydration
Atorvastatin
antilipemic and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor; reduce hyperlipidemia that leads to stroke, MI, angina and heart failure
assess liver function, kidney failure, rhabdomyolysis (skeletal muscle breakdown), tea colored urine, and irregular heartbeat
avoid grapefruit juice, muscle pain or weakness should be reported
Warfarin
inhibits vitamin k-dependent clotting factors and anticoagulant proteins C and S
treats prophylaxis, venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism
vitamin k is the reversal agent
contraindicated hemorrhagic tendencies or blood dyscrasias, CNS or eye surgery
Alteplase
thrombolytic; breaks down clots from turning plasminogen to plasmin
treats MI and pulmonary embolism
not to be used when risk of bleeding outweighs benefit
Pilocarpine
muscarinic receptor agonist; reduces intraocular pressure related to glaucoma
treats glaucoma
2-minute pressure on lacrimal sac to minimize systemic absorption
side effect acronym “DUMBBELSS”
Atropine
muscarinic antagonist; response is dose dependent. small dose inhibits secretions, medium dose increases heart rate and large dose decreases gastrointestinal motility
contraindicated in high temperatures, can cause heatstroke
overdose symptoms: urine retention, abnormal heartbeat, passing out
Epinephrine
catecholamine; bronchial smooth muscle relaxation and helps alleviate bronchospasms
treats allergic reactions and acute bronchospasms from asthma attacks
should not be used on outer extremities (fingers, toes, ears, nose, genitalia)
hypertension and tachycardia
Tamsulosin
alpha-1 antagonist; relaxes muscles in bladder and prostate, improves urine flow
BPH (benign prostatic hypertrophy)
avoid with other alpha-blockers
hypotension especially after first dose
Metoprolol/ Propranolol
antihypertensive and beta-1 antagonist; decreases heart rate and decreases blood pressure
too much can block beta-2 receptors causing bronchoconstriction
do not give to asthmatics
treat high blood pressure and chest pain from poor blood flow
black box: taper dosage when discontinuing, abrupt stop may cause chest pain or MI
take med at the same time each day
extended release should not be crushed
masks symptoms of hypoglycemia
