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polysci > exam 3 finish with a fucking bang!! > Flashcards

exam 3 finish with a fucking bang!! Flashcards

1
Q

where does congress get its power from

A

article 1

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2
Q

where does the president and the bureaucracy get its power from

A

article 2

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3
Q

where do the courts get their power from

A

article 3

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4
Q

bicameralism

A

a legislature with two chambers is a check on itself

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5
Q

what does congress do

A

makes laws

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6
Q

checks and balances - congress

A

oversight, advice and consent, and court structuring

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7
Q

oversight (checks and balances)

A

efforts by congress to monitor agency rules, enforcement, and implementation of law

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8
Q

advice and consent (checks and balances)

A

the constitutional obligation that the senate approve certain executive appointments and treaties

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9
Q

court structuring (checks and balances)

A

article 1 federal judges are not subject to the same protections as article 3 judges. congress can make a law changing the number of members on the supreme court

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10
Q

policy representation

A

congressional work to advance the issues and ideological preferences of constituents

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11
Q

allocative representation

A

congressional work to secure projects, services, and funds for the represented district. Pork Barrel: public works projects and grants for specific districts paid for by general revenues

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12
Q

casework

A

legislative work on behalf of individual constituents to solve their problems with government agencies and programs

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13
Q

symbolic representation

A

efforts of MC to stand for American ideals or identify with common constituency values

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14
Q

reappointment

A

reallocation of congressional seats after the census

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15
Q

redistricting

A

the process of dividing states into districts

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16
Q

gerrymandering

A

redistricting to benefit a particular group (cracking and packing)

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17
Q

partisan gerrymandering

A

the drawing of congressional districts to increase the number of districts a party can expect to safely carry

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18
Q

racial gerrymandering

A

redistricting to enhance or reduce the chances that a racial or ethnic group will elect group members to congress

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19
Q

incumbency advantage

A

the electoral edge afforded to those already in office

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20
Q

coattail effect

A

the added votes received by congressional candidates of a winning presidential party

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21
Q

midterm loss

A

the tendency for the presidents party to lose congressional seats in non-presidential year elections

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22
Q

qualifications for running

A

age, citizenship, residency

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23
Q

perks of presidency

A

pay and benefits (travel, staff, franking, parking, health and life insurance, pensions)

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24
Q

roles of the president

A

head of the government (chief administrator/executive) and head of state (chief diplomat and national symbol)

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25
Q

legislative powers of the president

A

state of the union (agenda setting) and can veto a law

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26
Q

judicial powers of the president

A

appoint judges and pardons and reprieves (clemency)

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27
Q

Traditional presidency

A

the founders version of a limited executive

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28
Q

modern presidency

A

ongoing trend toward the higher degree of executive power since the 1930’s. higher use of executive orders and actions since WWII and the Great Depression

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29
Q

judicial powers; reprieve

A

president has the power to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against the U.S. Ex: Chelsea Manning

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30
Q

Three roles of the Federal Bureaucracy

A

administrator, rule maker, judge

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31
Q

federal register

A

publication containing all federal regulations and notification of regulatory agency hearings

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32
Q

bureaucratic discretion

A

bureaucrats use own judgement in interpreting and carrying out laws of congress

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33
Q

bureaucracy definition

A

an organization characterized by hierarchal structure and advancement by merit

34
Q

Pendleton act 1883

A

required the hiring and firing of civil servants to be based on merit not patronage. ended the spoils system that rewarded political supporters with government positions

35
Q

hatch act 1939

A

limited political involvement of civil servants in order to protect them from political pressure and to keep politics out of the bureaucracy

36
Q

neutral competence

A

the principle that policy execution should be depoliticized and professional

37
Q

4 categories of bureaucracy

A

Departments: presidents cabinet (15 in total)
Independent agencies: independent of departments but with a narrower policy focus (NASA , CIA)
Independent regulatory boards and commissions: regulate various businesses, industries, or economic sectors (federal reserve, consumer product safety)
Government corporations: companies created by congress to prove for the public a good or service that private enterprise can’t/won’t profitably provide (UNICORP)

38
Q

The first congress established 4 departments

A

state, war, treasury, and post office

39
Q

The Judiciary act of 1789

A

established the structure and jurisdiction of the federal court system and created the position of attorney general around which a justice dept. would grow

40
Q

Homeland security

A

added in 2002 after 9/11, assumed a number of agencies from other departments

41
Q

National Security Act 1947

A

consolidated department of war (army) and the department of the navy into the National Military Establishment, headed by the secretary of state. created the dept. of the Air Force and housed the marine corp. under the dept. of the navy, and established the CIA and National Security Counsil

42
Q

chief of staff

A

oversees White House operations and controls access to the president

43
Q

White House office

A

those closest to the president personally and politically who conduct the day to day operations. grew from 60 under Roosevelt to 460 in 2013

44
Q

office of management and budget

A

oversees budgets of departments and agencies. is an intermediate between the president and departments

45
Q

council of economic advisors

A

advise the president on economic matters

46
Q

National Security Counsel

A

provides foreign policy/military advice, has moved from advisor role to implementor role, sometimes engaging in illegal activity

47
Q

Judiciary act of 1789

A

created three levels of federal courts and defined their powers and relationship to the state courts. set up federal districts, circuit court appeals and president nominates federal judges

48
Q

Types of cases heard: Federal

A

constitutionality of a law, laws and treaties of the U.S., ambassadors and public ministers, state disputes, and habeas corpus

49
Q

types of cases heard: State

A

criminal and probate cases, contract, tort, and family law

50
Q

courts

A

institutions that sit as neutral third parties to settle disputes

51
Q

judicial review

A

the power of the SCOTUS to determine constitutionality; Marbury v.s. Madison (1803)

52
Q

jurisdiction

A

authority to hear certain cases. appellate: authority of a court to review the decision of lower courts

53
Q

appeal

A

a rehearing of a case because the losing party in trial argues that a point of law wasn’t applied properly

54
Q

precedent

A

a previous decision or ruling

55
Q

strict constructionism

A

the constitution should be read literally with the framers interpretations uttermost in mind

56
Q

judicial restraint

A

courts should reject any active lawmaking functions and stick to judicial decisions of the past (precedent)

57
Q

judicial interpretivism

A

(loose constructionism) the constitution is a living document and judges should interpret the constitution according to contemporary times and values

58
Q

judicial activism

A

courts should be lawmaking/policy making bodies

59
Q

opinion

A

the written decision of the court that state the majority judgement on a case

60
Q

concurring opinion

A

documents written by justices expressing disagreement with the majority but describing different or additional reasons

61
Q

dissenting opinion

A

documents written by justices expressing disagreement with the majorities ruling

62
Q

writ of certiorari

A

a formal request by SCOTUS to call up the lower court case it decides to hear on appeal

63
Q

rule of four

A

unwritten requirement that 4/9 must agree to grant cert in order for the case to be heard

64
Q

Amicus Curiae brief

A

document filed by interested parties to encourage the Court to grant or deny cert or to urge it to decide a certain way

65
Q

Political Party

A

organizations that seek to promote their ideas and policies by gaining control of government through nominations and elections

66
Q

Party-in-government

A

party members who have been elected to serve in government

67
Q

Party-in-the-electorate

A

ordinary citizens who identify with the party

68
Q

Party base

A

members who consistently vote for the party’s candidates

69
Q

Party activists

A

rank-and-file members who carry out the party’s electioneering efforts

70
Q

Interest group

A

an organization of individuals who share a common political goal and unite to influence government decisions

71
Q

6 roles of an interest group

A
  1. representation
  2. participation
  3. educations
  4. agenda building
  5. provision of program alternatives
  6. program monitoring
72
Q

Economic interest group

A

seek to influence government policy to economically benefit their members

73
Q

Equal opportunity interest group

A

promote the civil and economic rights of the underrepresented and disadvantaged

74
Q

Public interest

A

seek to influence government policy to produce collective goods or services that benefit the public

75
Q

Government interest

A

lobby on behalf of foreign or domestic governments

76
Q

Lobbying

A

interest group activities aimed at persuading policymakers to support the group’s position

77
Q

Free rider problem

A

difficulty in recruiting when potential members can gain the benefits of the groups action without having to incur the cost of membership or participation

78
Q

Selective incentives

A

benefits that are only available to group members as an inducement to join. material benefits, solidary benefits, expressive benefits

79
Q

lobbying activities Direct (aka inside)

A

direct interaction with public officials for the purpose of influencing policy decisions

80
Q

lobbying activities Indirect (aka outside)

A

attempts to influence policymakers by encouraging the public to put pressure on them

81
Q

revolving door

A

the tendency of public officials and lobbyists to move b/w public and private sectors

polysci (2 decks)

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