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polysci > exam 3 finish with a fucking bang!! > Flashcards

exam 3 finish with a fucking bang!! Flashcards

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1
Q

where does congress get its power from

A

article 1

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2
Q

where does the president and the bureaucracy get its power from

A

article 2

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3
Q

where do the courts get their power from

A

article 3

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4
Q

bicameralism

A

a legislature with two chambers is a check on itself

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5
Q

what does congress do

A

makes laws

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6
Q

checks and balances - congress

A

oversight, advice and consent, and court structuring

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7
Q

oversight (checks and balances)

A

efforts by congress to monitor agency rules, enforcement, and implementation of law

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8
Q

advice and consent (checks and balances)

A

the constitutional obligation that the senate approve certain executive appointments and treaties

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9
Q

court structuring (checks and balances)

A

article 1 federal judges are not subject to the same protections as article 3 judges. congress can make a law changing the number of members on the supreme court

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10
Q

policy representation

A

congressional work to advance the issues and ideological preferences of constituents

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11
Q

allocative representation

A

congressional work to secure projects, services, and funds for the represented district. Pork Barrel: public works projects and grants for specific districts paid for by general revenues

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12
Q

casework

A

legislative work on behalf of individual constituents to solve their problems with government agencies and programs

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13
Q

symbolic representation

A

efforts of MC to stand for American ideals or identify with common constituency values

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14
Q

reappointment

A

reallocation of congressional seats after the census

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15
Q

redistricting

A

the process of dividing states into districts

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16
Q

gerrymandering

A

redistricting to benefit a particular group (cracking and packing)

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17
Q

partisan gerrymandering

A

the drawing of congressional districts to increase the number of districts a party can expect to safely carry

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18
Q

racial gerrymandering

A

redistricting to enhance or reduce the chances that a racial or ethnic group will elect group members to congress

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19
Q

incumbency advantage

A

the electoral edge afforded to those already in office

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20
Q

coattail effect

A

the added votes received by congressional candidates of a winning presidential party

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21
Q

midterm loss

A

the tendency for the presidents party to lose congressional seats in non-presidential year elections

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22
Q

qualifications for running

A

age, citizenship, residency

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23
Q

perks of presidency

A

pay and benefits (travel, staff, franking, parking, health and life insurance, pensions)

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24
Q

roles of the president

A

head of the government (chief administrator/executive) and head of state (chief diplomat and national symbol)

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25
legislative powers of the president
state of the union (agenda setting) and can veto a law
26
judicial powers of the president
appoint judges and pardons and reprieves (clemency)
27
Traditional presidency
the founders version of a limited executive
28
modern presidency
ongoing trend toward the higher degree of executive power since the 1930's. higher use of executive orders and actions since WWII and the Great Depression
29
judicial powers; reprieve
president has the power to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against the U.S. Ex: Chelsea Manning
30
Three roles of the Federal Bureaucracy
administrator, rule maker, judge
31
federal register
publication containing all federal regulations and notification of regulatory agency hearings
32
bureaucratic discretion
bureaucrats use own judgement in interpreting and carrying out laws of congress
33
bureaucracy definition
an organization characterized by hierarchal structure and advancement by merit
34
Pendleton act 1883
required the hiring and firing of civil servants to be based on merit not patronage. ended the spoils system that rewarded political supporters with government positions
35
hatch act 1939
limited political involvement of civil servants in order to protect them from political pressure and to keep politics out of the bureaucracy
36
neutral competence
the principle that policy execution should be depoliticized and professional
37
4 categories of bureaucracy
Departments: presidents cabinet (15 in total) Independent agencies: independent of departments but with a narrower policy focus (NASA , CIA) Independent regulatory boards and commissions: regulate various businesses, industries, or economic sectors (federal reserve, consumer product safety) Government corporations: companies created by congress to prove for the public a good or service that private enterprise can't/won't profitably provide (UNICORP)
38
The first congress established 4 departments
state, war, treasury, and post office
39
The Judiciary act of 1789
established the structure and jurisdiction of the federal court system and created the position of attorney general around which a justice dept. would grow
40
Homeland security
added in 2002 after 9/11, assumed a number of agencies from other departments
41
National Security Act 1947
consolidated department of war (army) and the department of the navy into the National Military Establishment, headed by the secretary of state. created the dept. of the Air Force and housed the marine corp. under the dept. of the navy, and established the CIA and National Security Counsil
42
chief of staff
oversees White House operations and controls access to the president
43
White House office
those closest to the president personally and politically who conduct the day to day operations. grew from 60 under Roosevelt to 460 in 2013
44
office of management and budget
oversees budgets of departments and agencies. is an intermediate between the president and departments
45
council of economic advisors
advise the president on economic matters
46
National Security Counsel
provides foreign policy/military advice, has moved from advisor role to implementor role, sometimes engaging in illegal activity
47
Judiciary act of 1789
created three levels of federal courts and defined their powers and relationship to the state courts. set up federal districts, circuit court appeals and president nominates federal judges
48
Types of cases heard: Federal
constitutionality of a law, laws and treaties of the U.S., ambassadors and public ministers, state disputes, and habeas corpus
49
types of cases heard: State
criminal and probate cases, contract, tort, and family law
50
courts
institutions that sit as neutral third parties to settle disputes
51
judicial review
the power of the SCOTUS to determine constitutionality; Marbury v.s. Madison (1803)
52
jurisdiction
authority to hear certain cases. appellate: authority of a court to review the decision of lower courts
53
appeal
a rehearing of a case because the losing party in trial argues that a point of law wasn't applied properly
54
precedent
a previous decision or ruling
55
strict constructionism
the constitution should be read literally with the framers interpretations uttermost in mind
56
judicial restraint
courts should reject any active lawmaking functions and stick to judicial decisions of the past (precedent)
57
judicial interpretivism
(loose constructionism) the constitution is a living document and judges should interpret the constitution according to contemporary times and values
58
judicial activism
courts should be lawmaking/policy making bodies
59
opinion
the written decision of the court that state the majority judgement on a case
60
concurring opinion
documents written by justices expressing disagreement with the majority but describing different or additional reasons
61
dissenting opinion
documents written by justices expressing disagreement with the majorities ruling
62
writ of certiorari
a formal request by SCOTUS to call up the lower court case it decides to hear on appeal
63
rule of four
unwritten requirement that 4/9 must agree to grant cert in order for the case to be heard
64
Amicus Curiae brief
document filed by interested parties to encourage the Court to grant or deny cert or to urge it to decide a certain way
65
Political Party
organizations that seek to promote their ideas and policies by gaining control of government through nominations and elections
66
Party-in-government
party members who have been elected to serve in government
67
Party-in-the-electorate
ordinary citizens who identify with the party
68
Party base
members who consistently vote for the party’s candidates
69
Party activists
rank-and-file members who carry out the party’s electioneering efforts
70
Interest group
an organization of individuals who share a common political goal and unite to influence government decisions
71
6 roles of an interest group
1. representation 2. participation 3. educations 4. agenda building 5. provision of program alternatives 6. program monitoring
72
Economic interest group
seek to influence government policy to economically benefit their members
73
Equal opportunity interest group
promote the civil and economic rights of the underrepresented and disadvantaged
74
Public interest
seek to influence government policy to produce collective goods or services that benefit the public
75
Government interest
lobby on behalf of foreign or domestic governments
76
Lobbying
interest group activities aimed at persuading policymakers to support the group’s position
77
Free rider problem
difficulty in recruiting when potential members can gain the benefits of the groups action without having to incur the cost of membership or participation
78
Selective incentives
benefits that are only available to group members as an inducement to join. material benefits, solidary benefits, expressive benefits
79
lobbying activities Direct (aka inside)
direct interaction with public officials for the purpose of influencing policy decisions
80
lobbying activities Indirect (aka outside)
attempts to influence policymakers by encouraging the public to put pressure on them
81
revolving door
the tendency of public officials and lobbyists to move b/w public and private sectors

polysci (2 decks)

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