Exam 3- Final

Question 1

gene-environment correlation (rGE)

Answer 1

when the environments that people experience are related to their genetic makeup (genetic control of exposure to the environment)

Question 2

passive rGE

Answer 2

association between the genetic code a child inherits from their parents and the environment in which the child is raised (kid doesn’t do anything), requires contact between genetically related individuals

Question 2

reactive/evocative rGE

Answer 2

association between an individual’s genetically influenced behavior and the reaction of those in the individual’s environment to that behavior

Question 3

active rGE

Answer 3

association between an individual’s genetically influenced traits or behaviors and the environmental niches selected by the individual

Question 4

gene-environment interaction (GxE)

Answer 4

when reaction to environments is related to genetic makeup, effect of the environment depends on the genotype

Question 5

diathesis-stress model

Answer 5

theory that mental and physical disorders develop from a genetic or biological predisposition for that illness (diathesis) combined with stressful conditions that play a precipitating or facilitating role

Question 6

g/ g factor

Answer 6

general cognitive ability, common variance between all cognitive tests

Question 7

intelligence

Answer 7

(according to the APA) the ability to understand and use complex ideas, adapt efficiently to the environment, learn from experience, and engage in abstract reasoning

Question 8

Flynn Effect

Answer 8

average IQ has increased by a few points per decade because of increases in access to educational attainment and general improvements to our environment and quality of life

Question 9

prevalence

Answer 9

the proportion of the population who have (or had) a disease in a given time period

Question 10

comorbidity

Answer 10

when two disorders or illnesses occur in the same person sequentially or simultaneously

Question 11

what percentage of people diagnosed with a mental disorder will get diagnosed with a second?

Answer 11

66%

Question 12

internalizing disorder

Answer 12

directing distress inward
Ex. MDD, GAD, Panic disorder, Animal/Situational phobias

Question 13

externalizing disorder

Answer 13

directing distress outward, acting out distress
Ex. Adult antisocial behavior, conduct disorder, alcohol/drug dependence

Question 14

thought disorder

Answer 14

Ex. OCD, mania, schizophrenia

Question 15

p factor

Answer 15

one general psychopathology dimension, conceptually parallels g factor

Question 16

heterogeneity

Answer 16

the quality or state of being diverse in character or content

Question 17

heterogeneity in phenotype

Answer 17

when a behavioral phenotype is comprised of distinct phenotypes with distinct etiologies (subtypes explained by different risk factors)

Question 18

heterogeneity in environmental risk factors

Answer 18

different environmental factors can lead to the disease phenotype in different people

Question 19

heterogeneity in genetic risk factors

Answer 19

there can be multiple genetic pathways to the same phenotype