Exam 3 extra topics

Question 1

define calorie

Answer 1

amount of energy it takes for 1 gram of H2) to change 1 degree Celsius
-objective unit used to measure the energy value of food

Question 2

define up thermoregulate

Answer 2

increase heat

Question 3

2 ways to measure the rate of heat production

Answer 3

1. Direct Calorimetry
   - water at a constant temperature
   - increase=energy production
2. Indirect Calorimetry
   - 02 uptake=energy expenditure
   - in mg/O2/kg min (VO2)

Question 4

define MET

Answer 4

a measure of intensity of activity

-1 met load=3.5 mLO2/kg/min

Question 5

between the 2 measurements of heat production, which is more accurate?`

Answer 5

Direct calorimetry

Question 6

Types of open circuit indirect calorimetry

Answer 6

1. partable

2. bag technique

Question 7

how to calculate MET

Answer 7

1 Met= Cal(1/kg)(1/hour)

Question 8

what are the 3 factors that energy expenditure is based on

Answer 8

1. RMR
2. Thermodynamic effect of food
3. BMR and sleep

Question 9

define Basal Metabolic Rate

Answer 9

1. O2 consumed during waking state

2. more O2 consumed=higher BMR

Question 10

how to measure BMR

Answer 10

Food< 12 hours
Exercise< 12 hours
Rest 30-60 min in temp and light controlled room

Question 11

What percentage of energy do the following factors have:
TEF
Exercise
RMR

Answer 11

TEF=10%
Exercise= 30%
RMR= 60%

Question 12

define Thermodynamic effect of food

Answer 12

requires digestion, absorption, and excretion and it peaks about an hour after consuming food

Question 13

by how much does physical activity increase RMR

Answer 13

10 times

Question 14

what 3 components make up the Total Daily energy expenditure

Answer 14

RMR
TEF
Exercise

Question 15

2 things that can affect RMR

Answer 15

climate

pregnancy

Question 16

calculation for BMI

Answer 16

weight(kg)/height(m^2)

Question 17

purpose of the BMI

Answer 17

blood pressure
obesity
diabetes
CHD

Question 18

what percentage of US adults were obese in 2015

Answer 18

65%

Question 19

what percentage of a persons weight is determined by genetics

Answer 19

80%

Question 20

what occurs when a person has 2 copies of the FTO gene

Answer 20

70% chance that they will have increased weight

Question 21

what occurs when a person has 1 copy of FTO and 1 copy of FTO2

Answer 21

30% chance of increased weight

Question 22

what occurs when a person has 2 copies of FTO2

Answer 22

0-10%chance of increased weight

Question 23

what race burns about 100 calories less per day

Answer 23

African Americans

Question 24

what is the function of the Ob gene when it functions properly

Answer 24

1. promotes formation of hormone-like leptin
2. exercise and metabolism control (hypothalamus)
3. Leptin helps to regulate fat stores

Question 25

what occurs when the Ob gene becomes mutated

Answer 25

1. there is an absence of leptin which causes continual hunger and marked obesity 2. abnormal response to leptin - hunger cues - energy expenditure

Question 26

what is the nurture category for weight

Answer 26

1. active or inactive time 2. income levle 3. education level 4. parent education level 5. stress levels: higher cortisol 6. eating habits

Question 27

what happens during the plateau stage of weight loss

Answer 27

the person stops achieving weight loss because their RMR decreases since they have lost weight

Question 28

what is the set point theory

Answer 28

set point theory states that the hypothalamus has a predetermined weight that and individual should be and if they decrease their weight it automatically makes them hungrier and vice versa if they gain weight

Question 29

ways to treat obesity

Answer 29

1. make eating a ritual 2. use smaller dishes 3. eat slowly 4. follow a meal plan 5. make smart choices about fat 6. physical activity 7. well balanced and less of it

Question 30

Characteristics of Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 30

1. weight is below 85% of normal body weight 2. restriction of diet 3. body image issues 4. menstrual abnormalities: missed period for 3 months

Question 31

Bulimia characteristics

Answer 31

1. binge eating: 2 times per day for 3 months 2. Purging: 2 times per day for 3 months 3. no restricted intake 4. body image issues 5. fear of being fat 6. no abnormal body weight or menstrual abnormalities

Question 32

what are the signs for Bulimia

Answer 32

1. dry brittle hair 2. Russell's signs on knuckles 3. poor dental health

Question 33

Binge eating characteristics

Answer 33

1. can't stop eating 2. body image 3. 2 times per day for 3 months 4. low self esteem 5. don't purge 6. no menstrual abnormalities

Question 34

define amenorrhea

Answer 34

3 missed periods or haven't menstruated by age 15

Question 35

how to identify adonis complex

Answer 35

frequent washings checking appearance baggy or tight clothing excessive exercise

Question 36

what is required on nutrition labels

Answer 36

1. calories 2. total fats 3. total carbs 4. fiber 5. cholesterol 6. sodium

Question 37

What are Daily values for: 1. Total Fat 2. Saturated fat 3. Cholesterol 4. Total carb 5. fiber 6. sodium 7. protein

Answer 37

1. fat: 65g 2. saturated fat: 20 g 3. cholesterol: 300 mg 4. total carb: 300 g 5. fiber: 25 grams 6. sodium 2400 mg 7. protein: 50 grams

Question 38

define organics

Answer 38

free from 1. pesticides, herbicides. insecticides, fungicides 2. synthetic fertilizers 3. ionizing radiation 4. GMO's 5. Antibiotics 6. Hormones

Question 39

what process do farmers have to go through in order to grow organic products

Answer 39

3 year process 1. 1st year still marketed as conventional 2. 2nd year in conversion 3. organically sold

Question 40

how many days of pasture must cows have access to in order to be considered organic

Answer 40

120 days

Question 41

how many days do cows need to have access to pasture to be considered grass-fed

Answer 41

365

Question 42

benefits of GMO's

Answer 42

1. stress resistant 2. more nutritionally sound 3. increased productivity

Question 43

drawbacks of GMO's

Answer 43

carcinogenic