Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology for Amjad > EXAM #3: DRUGS OF ABUSE > Flashcards

EXAM #3: DRUGS OF ABUSE Flashcards

1
Q

What is the hallmark of drug addiction?

A

Compulsive drug use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the basic definition of physical dependence?

A

Dependence is when the drug is necessary for normal physiologic function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the hallmark of physical dependence with drug cessation?

A

Withdrawal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Generally, what withdrawal symptoms with drug cessation?

A

The OPPOSITE effects of the drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What three factors confer a high degree of relapse in addicts?

A

1) Re-exposure to the drug
2) Exposure to contextual cues
3) Stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What brain system are activated by all addictive drugs?

A

Mesolimbic dopamine system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is pharmacokinetic tolerance?

A

Increased drug metabolism resulting in tolerance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is pharmacodynamic tolerance? What are the mechanisms of pharmacodynamic tolerance?

A

CNS response to chronic drug use:

  • Desensitiziation
  • Down-regulation of drug receptors
  • Internalization of receptors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the psychological manifestations of withdrawal?

A
  • Dysphoria
  • Depression
  • Anxiety
  • Craving
  • Psychosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What region of the brain is involved in the reward pathway?

A

Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What four areas does the VTA project to?

A

1) Amygdala
2) Nucleus Accumbens
3) Prefrontal cortex
4) Hippocampus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the three drug “targets” in the VTA?

A

1) Gi GPRCs that inhibit GABA
2) Ionotropic DA receptors
3) DA uptake transporter (inhibition)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What drugs act on Gi GABA GPRCs in the VTA?

A

1) Opioids
2) THC
3) GHB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What drugs act on DA ionotropic receptors in the VTA?

A

1) Benzodiazepines
2) Nicotine
3) Ethanol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What drugs block DA transporters in the VTA?

A

1) Cocaine
2) Amphetamine
3) Ecstasy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the RR of addiction to CNS depressants?

A

3

17
Q

What type of elimination kinetics does alcohol follow?

A

Zero-order i.e. a constant amount of alcohol is eliminated per unit of time

18
Q

Is the half-life of alcohol dependent on dose?

A

Yes e.g. 5 drinks= 5 hours to eliminate vs. 10 drinks = 10 hours to eliminate

19
Q

What is the first step in alcohol metabolism?

A

Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH)

20
Q

What drug is used to treat methonal and ethylene glycol poisoning? What is the MOA of this drug?

A

Fomepizole–inhibits ADH i.e. Alcohol Dehydrogenase

21
Q

What is the second step in alcohol metabolism?

A

Aldehyde Dehydrogenase

22
Q

What drug blocks Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH)? What is this drug used for?

A

Disulfram– causes acetaldehyde to accumulate and causes unpleasant side effects

23
Q

How many drinks does it take to put the average adult over the legal limit to drive?

A

2-4 drinks/hour

24
Q

What general class of drugs should not be combined with alcohol for fear or potentially fatal side effects?

A

CNS depressants i.e. Barbiturates, Benzodiazepines, Marijuana

25
Q

What is Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome?

A

Neurological condition associated with B1 deficiency in combination with excessive alcohol consumption

26
Q

What are the symptoms of Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome?

A

1) Ocular disturbance
2) Changes in mental status
3) Memory impairment
4) Movement difficulties

27
Q

What is Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)?

A

Teratogenic disorder seen in children borne to alcoholic mothers

Note that there is NO safe level of alcohol consumption in pregnancy

28
Q

What are the symptoms of FAS?

A

1) Mental retardation
2) Hyperactivity
3) Antisocial behavior

29
Q

What is the progression of liver pathology seen in chronic alcoholism?

A

1) Fatty liver
2) Alcoholic hepatitis
3) Liver cirrhosis
4) Liver failure

30
Q

What is the most common two-drug combination that results in death?

A

Cocaethylene

31
Q

What is cocaethylene

A

Liver metabolizes alcohol and cocaine–product is Cocaethylene

32
Q

What are the two drugs that are used to treat chronic alcoholism?

A

1) Disulfiram

2) Naltrexone

33
Q

What is the mechansim of action of Naltrexone in alcohol abuse?

A

Blocks reinforcing properties of alcohol

Note that this is an OPAITE antagonist*

Pharmacology for Amjad (64 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions