Exam 3 Drug List Flashcards
Insoluble fiber
not digested, lignins, cellulose, apple skin; good for colon health/function
(lipid lowering drugs)
fish oil
Omega-3 Fatty Acids
lipid lowering drugs
Atorvastatin
Statin
lipid lowering drugs
Pravastatin
Statin
lipid lowering drugs
Ezetimibe
Absorption blocker
lipid lowering drugs
Cholestyramine
Bile acid sequestrants/resins
lipid lowering drugs
Niacin
nicotinamide derivatives aka Vit B3, increases HDLs the best
(lipid lowering drugs)
Gemfibrozil
Fibrate, decreases triglycerides -CYPs interactions
lipid lowering drugs
evolocumab (Repatha)
PCSK9 inhibitor. PCSK9 inhibits the LDL receptors (LDLR)
lipid lowering drugs
soluble fiber
metamucil, oats, psyllium, pectin; risides in intestine (gel-like); dec LDL
(lipid lowering drugs)
lovaza
omega-3 polyunsaturdated fatty acid (PUFAs)
lipid lowering drugs
ethanol, benzodiazepines, barbiturates
CNS depressants
drugs of abuse
morphine
opioid
drugs of abuse
heroin
opioid
drugs of abuse
oxycodone
opioid
drugs of abuse
hydrocodone
opioid
drugs of abuse
cigarettes
nicotine
drugs of abuse
marijuana, hashish, THC
cannabinoids
drugs of abuse
amphetamine, cocaine, caffeine, ephedrine
CNS stimulants
drugs of abuse
LSD, MDMA (ecstasy), MDA, mescaline, psilocybin, salvia
psychedelics-a type of hallucinogen
drugs of abuse
PCP
dissociatives-a type of hallucinogen
drugs of abuse
ketamine
dissociatives-a type of hallucinogen
drugs of abuse
atropine
deliriants- a type of hallucinogen; antimuscarinic
drugs of abuse
scopolamine
deliriants- a type of hallucinogen; antimuscarinic
drugs of abuse
gasoline, glue, ether, amyl nitrite
inhalants
drugs of abuse
anabolic steroids
performance enhancer
drugs of abuse
clenbuterol
performance enhancer
drugs of abuse
gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB)
performance enhancer
drugs of abuse
buprenorphine
tx for opioid use d/o; maintenance and detox
drugs of abuse
disulfiram
alcohol aversion tx; prevent relapse in recovering alcoholic (inhibits acetaldehyde DHase)
(drugs of abuse)
acamprosate; topiramate
alcohol anti-craving tx (also anti-epileptic)
drugs of abuse
LAAM
tx for opioid use d/o; maintenance and detox
drugs of abuse
methadone
tx for heroin dependence; maintenance and detox; also strong opioid analgesic drug
(drugs of abuse)
naltrexone
alcohol anti-craving tx, prevent relapse in recovering alcoholics. Prevents “high” in opioids but doesn’t alleviate craving
(drugs of abuse)
bupropion
anti-depressant, for tx tobacco use d/o, smoking cessation aid, reduces craving, prevents withdrawal
(drugs of abuse)
varenicline
partial agonist at nicotinic receptor, for tx tobacco use d/o; smoking cessation aid, reduced craving, prevents withdrawal
(drugs of abuse)
nicotine replacement therapy (NRT)
gum, patches, nasal spray for tx tobacco use d/o (smoking cessation aid, reduced craving, prevents withdrawal, doesn’t address behavioral aspects)
(drugs of abuse)
epinephrine
catecholamine, neurohormone released from adrenal medulla, alpha and beta receptor agonist
(adrenergics)
norepinephrine
catecholamine, transmitter of postganglionic sympathetic neurons, alpha and beta receptor agonist
(adrenergics)
isoproterenol
relatively selective beta agonist used to stimulate the heart (B1), dec BP (B2), relax bronchi (B2)
(adrenergics)
dopamine
catecholamine, CNS transmitter, NE precursor in post-ganglionic sympathetic nerve terminals, alpha and beta receptor agonist
(adrenergics)
dobutamine
beta-1 selective agonist, inc heart contractility=+ inotropic effect
(adrenergics)
phenylephrine
Alpha agonist, constricts nasal BV and helps w/ congestion
adrenergics
ephedrine
weak beta and alpha agonist and enhances release of NE, CNS stimulant
(adrenergics)
terbutaline
relatively B2-selective agonist, asthma rx
adrenergics
albuterol
relatively B2-selective agonist, asthma rx
adrenergics
amphetamine
increase synaptic NE, inc BP, inc HR
adrenergics
methylphenidate
CNS stimulant, ADHA
adrenergics
phenoxybenzamine
alpha blocker (A1>A1), irreversible (anti-adrenergics)
phentolamine
non-selective alpha antagonist
anti-adrenergics
propanolol
non-selective Beta-blocker (beta antagonist)
anti-adrenergics
atenolol
Beta-blocker, B1 selective (beta antagonist)
anti-adrenergics
esmolol
Beta-blocker, B1 selectiv, 8 min t1/2 (beta antagonist)
anti-adrenergics
timolol
non-selective Beta-blocker, for glaucoma (beta antagonist)
anti-adrenergics
prazosin
selective alpha blocker (A1 only), reversible
anti-adrenergics
clonidine
Alpha2 agonist, inhibit NE release
anti-adrenergics
methyldopa
Alpha2 agonist, inhibit NE release
anti-adrenergics
caffeine
Xanthine (doesn’t bind to adrenergic R but effect resembles sympathetic stimulation), adenosine R antagonist
(adrenergics)
theophylline
Xanthine (doesn’t bind to adrenergic R but effect resembles sympathetic stimulation), adenosine R antagonist
(adrenergics)
resperpine
depletes vesicular norepi, anti-HTN, adrenergic inhibitor
anti-adrenergics
guanethidine
depletes nerve terminal norepi, old anti-HTN drug, adremergic inhibitor
(anti-adrenergics)
tyramine
In aged cheese, beers, wine, fava beans, increases synaptic NE, inc BP, inc HR if pt is on MAOI
(adrenergics)
cocaine
blocks NET increasing synaptic NE
adrenergics
imipramine
blocks NET increasing synaptic NE
adrenergics
atomoxetine
blocks NET increasing synaptic NE
adrenergics
Labetalol
mixed Alpha and Beta blocker, for acute HTN crisis and chronic HTN
(anti-adrenergics)
Carvedilol
mixed Alpha and Beta blocker, for CHF and anti-HTN
anti-adrenergics
prednisolone
synthetic corticosteroid, short-medium activity glucocorticoid
(anti-inflammatory steroids)
dexamethasone
synthetic corticosteroid, long acting glucocorticoid, used to dx causes of hypercorticism
(anti-inflammatory steroids)
fludrocortisone
synthetic corticosteroid, mineralocorticoid, salt retaining=rx of choice for replacement therapy
(anti-inflammatory steroids)
hydrocortison (cortisol)
synthetic corticosteroid, short-medium activity glucocorticoid
(anti-inflammatory steroids)
glucocorticoids
anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive agent
anti-inflammatory steroids
mineralocorticoids
water and electrolyte balance
anti-inflammatory steroids
chlorpheniramine
1st gen H1 antagonist
antihistamines
diphenhydramine
1st gen H1 antagonist
(antihistamines) aka Benadryl
dimenhydrinate
1st gen H1 antagonist
(antihistamines) aka Dramamine
loratadine
2nd gen H1 antagonist
(antihistamines) aka Claritin
cetirizine
2nd gen H1 antagonist
(antihistamines) aka Zyrtec
fexofenadine
2nd gen H1 antagonist
(antihistamines) aka Allegra
cromolyn sodium
mast cell stabilizer, directly inhibits mast cell degranulation
(antihistamines)
methylprednisolone
systemic corticosteroid
asthma and COPD drugs
fluticasone
aerosol corticosteroid
asthma and COPD drugs
albuterol
SABA=short acting B2 adrenergic agonist
asthma and COPD drugs
salmeterol
LABA=long acting B2 adrenergic agonist
asthma and COPD drugs
ipratropium bromide
short-acting muscarinic antagonist
asthma and COPD drugs
tiotropium
long-acting muscarinic antagonist
asthma and COPD drugs
theophylline
methylxanthine drug (non-selective); phosphodiesterase inhibitor (asthma and COPD drugs)
montelukast
leukotriene pathway inhibitor
asthma and COPD drugs
omalizumab
IgE inhibitor
asthma and COPD drugs
Tx for variant angina
calcium ch blockers
anti-anginal
Tx for unstable angina
anti-platelet (aspirin) and lipid lowering (statins)
anti-anginal
nitroglycerin
vasodilator, some action on arterioles
anti-anginal
isosorbide dinitrate
organic nitrate for angina, chewable w/ 2-3 hour duration
anti-anginal
verapamil
Calcium channel blocker
anti-anginal
Diltiazem
Calcium channel blocker
anti-anginal
Nifedipine
Calcium channel blocker, dihydropyridine
anti-anginal
Nimodipine
Calcium channel blocker, dihydropyridine
anti-anginal
Ranexa (ranolazine)
new molecular entity (NME), prolongs the QT interval, chronic angina tx in pt who have not responded to other anti-anginals
(anti-anginal)
hydrochlorothiazide
diuretic
anti-HTN
captopril
ACE Inhibitor
anti-HTN
Losartan
ARB (Ang II R Blocker)
anti-HTN
Amlodipine
Calcium Channel Blocker
anti-HTN
Hydralazine
vasodilator
anti-HTN
Minoxidil
vasodilator
anti-HTN
prazosin
alpha-1 blocker
anti-HTN
methyldopa
alpha-2 agonists, can use during pregnancy
anti-HTN
clonidine
alpha-2 agonists
anti-HTN
spironolactone
aldosterone blocker, potassium sparing diuretic
anti-HTN
lidocaine (iv)
Class IB, for VT only
antiarrhythmics
mexiletine
Class IB, for VT only (special kind of Long QT syndrome)
antiarrhythmics
flecainide
Class IC, Na+ blocker, rhythm control
antiarrhythmics
quinidine
Class IA, VT»>ST, rhythm control
antiarrhythmics
procainamide
Class IA, VT»>ST, rhythm control
antiarrhythmics
disopyramide
Class IA, VT»>ST, rhythm control
antiarrhythmics
amiodarone
Class III, K+ blocker, rhythm control, VT and SVT
antiarrhythmics
dronedarone
Class III, K+ blocker, rhythm control, VT and SVT
antiarrhythmics
sotalol
Class III, K+ blocker, rhythm control, VT and SVT
antiarrhythmics
ibutalide (iv)
Class III, K+ blocker, rhythm control, VT and SVT
antiarrhythmics
verapamil
Class IV, L-type Ca Channel Blocker, rate control, SVT
antiarrhythmics
diltiazem
Class IV, L-type Ca Channel Blocker, rate control, SVT
antiarrhythmics
metoprolol
Class II, Beta-blocker, rate control, SVT
antiarrhythmics
digoxin
antiarrhythmics
rate control, SVT
antiarrhythmics
adenosine (iv)
rate control, SVT
antiarrhythmics
warfarin
Anti-coag, Vit K agonist, for afib pt w/ CHA2Ds2-VASc 2+
antiarrhythmics
rivaroxaban
anti-coag, oral factor Xa inhibitor
antiarrhythmics
dabigatran etexilate
anti-coag, oral factor IIa inhibitor
antiarrhythmics
Class I (antiarrhythmics)
block Na+ channels
Class II (antiarrhythmics)
block Beta-adrenergic receptors
Class III (antiarrhythmics)
block K+ rectifier channels
Class IV (antiarrhythmics)
block calcium channels
spironolactone
aldosterone antagonists, RAA-axis
CHF drugs
eplerenone
aldosterone antagonists, RAA-axis
CHF drugs
captopril
ACEI, RAA-axis
CHF drugs
enalapril
ACEI, RAA-axis
CHF drugs
candesartan
ARBs, RAA-axis
CHF drugs
valsartan
ABRs, RAA-axis
CHF drugs
sacubitril/valsartan
Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibitor ARNI, RAA-axis
CHF drugs
carvedilol
Beta-blockers, dec adverse remodeling
CHF drugs
metoprolol
Beta-blockers, dec adverse remodeling
CHF drugs
ivabradine
funny channel blocker, dec HR
CHF drugs
isosorbide dinitrate/hydralazine
combined vasodilator
CHF drugs
milrinone
phosphodiesterase inhibitor, inc contractility
CHF drugs
digoxin
CHF
cardiac glycoside, inc contractility
CHF drugs
Acetazolamide
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
diuretics
Mannitol
osmotic diuretic
diuretics
glycerin
osmotic diuretic
diuretics
isosorbide
osmotic diuretic
diuretics
urea
osmotic diuretic
diuretics
Furosemide
Loop diuretic
diuretics
ethacrynic acid
Loop diuretics
diuretics
hydrochlorothiazide
thiazide diuretics
diuretics
chlorthalidone
thiazide diuretics
diuretics
indapamide
thiazide diuretics
diuretics
Amiloride
inhibitors of ENaC
diuretics
Triamterene
inhibitors of ENaC
diuretics
Spironolactone
Aldosterone antagonist (diuretics)
Eplerenone
Aldosterone antagonist (diuretics)
Tolvaptan
Vasopressin (ADH) antagonist
diuretics
Conivaptan
Vasopressin (ADH) antagonist
diuretics