Exam 3 Drug Classes

Question 1

Granulocyte colony stimulating factors (G-CSF)

Answer 1

MOA: promotes proliferation, differentiation, and activation of cells that make granulocytes.
Indications: malignancies, chemo induced leukopenia, bone marrow transplant, chronic neutropenia.
Adverse effects: bone pain, leukocytosis (increased WBC count)

Question 2

Polyenes

Answer 2

MOA: bonds to ergosterol in fungal cell membranes and causes them to become leaky, destroys cell wall of fungus.
Nyastatin is too toxic for IV, used for superficial infections.
Amphotericin B used for systemic infections, high alert drug, give slowly IV

Question 3

Pyrimidine

Answer 3

MOA: inhibits fungal DNA synthesis.
Indications: allows for a lower dose of amphotericin B to be used.

Question 4

Azoles

Answer 4

MOA: interrupts the integrity of the cell wall by interfering with the synthesis of ergosterol.
Indications: both topical and less serious systemic infections.
SE: burning and itching, severe GI upset

Question 5

Misc antifungal agent

Answer 5

MOA: inhibits fungal mitosis, binds to keratin (not cell wall or membrane.
Indications: resistant dermatophyte infection of scalp, skin, and nails.
SE: bone marrow suppression, rash, CNS changes, GI symptoms

Question 6

Sodium bicarbonate

Answer 6

MOA: dissociates to bicarbonate ion which neutralizes acid in the blood, raising blood and urinary pH. Na ion increases sodium concentration in the blood.
Indications: metabolic acidosis.
AE: edema, hypernatremia, cerebral hemorrhage, metabolic alkalosis, heart failure exacerbation