Exam 3 - Diabetes day 1 jeopardy

Question 1

These are 2 drug classes recommend for DM patients with HTN

Answer 1

ACE-I or ARB’s

Question 2

This is the class of medication recommended for patients with dyslipidemia

Answer 2

Statins

Question 3

These are 2 medications that are FDA approved for neuropathy

Answer 3

Lyrica and cymbalta

Question 4

These are some general rules regarding how we treat the elderly with DM

Answer 4

Less stringent;
A1C less than 8;
are they able to have help at home, cognitive function, life expectancy

Question 5

These are common signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia

Answer 5

Polys (polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia) and fatigue

Question 6

This is how frequent we need to test a symptomatic patient if all tests are negative

Answer 6

at least every 3 years

Question 7

to help prevent progression of DM and complications, all patients should do the following

Answer 7

exercise at least 30 min most days of the week, increase fiber, decrease carbs, decrease sugar intake

Question 8

these are the normal values for A1C fasting glucose, and oral glucose load

Answer 8

A1C < 5.7%

Fasting glucose: <100mg/dL

Question 9

these are some important points in regards to the differences in how kids/adolescents respond to insulin compared to adults

Answer 9

• changes in insulin sensitivity due to hormone changes
• growth patterns
• supervision at school and daycare

Question 10

insulin is secreted from this organ and these cells

Answer 10

beta cells from pancreas

Question 11

asymptomatic patients with a BMI greater than or equal to ___ in adults of any age and who have one or more additional risk factors for DM should be tested

Answer 11

25

Question 12

we want to prevent infection…this is how we do this

Answer 12

proper vaccinations (flu and pneumococcal)

Question 13

these are the diagnostic criteria for A1C, fasting glucose, random glucose and oral glucose tolerance test for DM

Answer 13

A1C: ≥ 6.5%
Fasting glucose: ≥ 126mg/dL
OGT: ≥ 200mg/dLrandom glucose + symptoms: ≥ 200mg/dL

Question 14

these are the diagnostic criteria for A1C, fasting glucose, oral glucose tolerance test for pre-diabetes

Answer 14

A1C: 5.7-6.4%
Fasting glucose: 100-125mg/dL
OGT: ≥ 140-199mg/dL

Question 15

this type of DM is much more common in US

Answer 15

type 2

Question 16

this is the goal HTN for a patient with DM (according to the ADA)

Answer 16

< 140/80 and in some cases <130/80 (according to the ADA)

Question 17

these are 2 oral agents that are not recommended to use in gestational DM

Answer 17

biguainides and TZD’s

Question 18

in patients that are asymtomatic an do not have any risk factors, this is when you start to test

Answer 18

> age 45

Question 19

this is the number of people who have DM in the US

Answer 19

~ 25.8 million

Question 20

this is the common macrovascular complication

Answer 20

CAD

Question 21

the best treatment for gestational DM is?

Answer 21

diet and exercise

Question 22

these are risk factors for type 2

Answer 22

• Overweight/Obese
• Sedentary lifestyle
• Family Hx of diabetes
• Cardiovascular disease
• Latino/Hispanic, Non-Hispanic black, Asian American, Native American/Pacific Islander
• Previously identified impaired glucose tolerance/impair glucose fasting
• HTN or on HTN meds
• Increased levels of triglycerides (>250)
• Low concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (<35)
• Risk Factors for Gestational DM
• Hx of gestational diabetes
• Hx of delivery of an infant w/ birth weight over 9lbs
• Polycystic ovary syndrome

Question 23

these are the general way that we can reduce our macro vascular and microvascular complications

Answer 23

keep glucose consistent and maintain HTN

Question 24

these are the 4 causes of type 2 DM

Answer 24

• Insulin resistance in muscle and adipose tissue
• Progressive decline in pancreatic insulin secretion
• Unrestrained hepatic glucose production
• Other hormonal deficiencies

Question 25

this is how many years a pts. life expectancy is decreased when they have DM and are diagnosed <40 y/o

Answer 25

12-19 yrs

Question 26

these are some risk factors for gestational DM

Answer 26

• > 25 y/o-overweight
• family hx of DM2
• hx of abnormal glucose metabolism
• hx of poor obstetric outcomes
• hx of gestational diabetes
• hx of delivery of an infant w/ birth weight over albs
• Polycystic ovary syndrome
• Ethnicity

Question 27

this is the LDL goal for a patient who is DM

Answer 27

<100 (less than 70 is optimal)

Question 28

these are some common microvascular complications

Answer 28

retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy

Question 29

These are some risk factors for type 1 DM

Answer 29

Genetics!! Sometimes a virus can trigger it

Question 30

This is the cause of type 1 DM

Answer 30

Autoimmune destruction of beta cells