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Animal Nutrition > Exam 3 content > Flashcards

Exam 3 content Flashcards

1
Q

Explain how proper beef cattle nutrition midigates risk

A

less money is spent of veterinary costs for nutrition related disorders, and the improved meat quality improves resieliency to market fluctuations

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2
Q

The most critical periods for a Beef cow are ____ days before calfing and _ days after calving

A

30

90

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3
Q

Two benifits of proper nutrition during breeding season

A

devreased days open

increased birth/weaning weights

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4
Q

How much more feed do dursing cows need compared to non-nursing beef cows?

A

50% more feeed than normal

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5
Q

Some signs of inadequate pasture

A
  • decreased milk production
  • slow heifer growth
  • requiers supplementation
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6
Q

What is the expected amount of weight loss during winter grazing in beef cattle?

A

15% of autumn weight

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7
Q

How should feed be adjusted for cold stress in beef cattle?

A

the feed should increase by 1% for every degree below 20F

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8
Q

Why does offering 1/2 ration of feed in the evening during winter promote day calving?

A

Calving lowers the cow’s body tempature. Feeding in the evening raises their core body tempature at night which prevents night calving.

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9
Q

Advantages of creep feeding

A
  • heavier weaning weights
  • better calf uniformity
  • less weight loss among cows
  • will gain an additional 30-50lbs a day
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10
Q

disadvantages of creep feeding

A
  • will requier an additional 8-10lbs of feed per lb gained
  • extra labor costs
  • negative effects on replacement heifers
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11
Q

The most stressful period of a beef calfs life is …

A

Weaining

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12
Q

The main goal of this kind of operation is to focus on muscle/bone growth and rumen development

A

stocker cattle programs

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13
Q

List two common ionophores

A
  • Rumensin (monensin)
  • Bovatec ( lasilocid)
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14
Q

The two ideal forage : concentrait ratios

A
  • 60:40
  • 80:20
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15
Q

This operation holds cattle for 3-4 months for rapid weight gain using protein and energy concentraets and have shorter adjustment times

A

Short Yearling Operations

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16
Q

This operation hold cattle for 6-12 months to focus on compensatory gain and can rely of seasonal forages and adaptive managment to achive greater weight gain

A

Long Yearling Operations

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17
Q

This operation focuses on rapid weight gain for finishing for market

A

Feedlot cattle

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18
Q

What considerations must be made for energy and protein needs in feedlot cattle?

A

Energy will increase to encourage rapid weight gain fat buildup and protein requierments will decrease as age increases

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19
Q

What considerations must be made regarding vitamins and minerals in feedlot cattle?

A

A proper Ca:P ratio must be maintained in order to prevent the formation of baldder stones and supplementation of vitamins A and E can give meat a longer shelf life

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20
Q

Feeding approach where the cows eat everything given before being refilled

A

clean bunk approach

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21
Q

Feeding approach where the bunk is refilled when there is still a little feef left over

A

slick bunk approach

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22
Q

These feed additives encourage muscle tissue building

A

beta-antagonists

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23
Q

The ideal body condition score range

A

5-7

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24
Q

What nutritional dissorder is caused by a rumen pH under 5

A

acidosis

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25
Q

What nutritional disorder causes blue tinged mucus membranes?

A

Nitrate Poisoning

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26
Q

mi

Milk volume make up ….% of total milk

A

15-25

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27
Q

List the milk components and how much they make up

A
  • butter fat (3-5%)
  • protein (2.8-3.6%)
  • other solids
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28
Q

Things to consider during dairy cattle pregancy

A
  • fetal programing
  • birth and growth rates
  • colostrum qualituy
  • age at first calfing
  • replacement heifer quality
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29
Q

Carbohydrates make up how much of a Dairy cows needs?

A

60-70%

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30
Q

3 major VFAs and their function

A
  1. Acetate - milk fat production
  2. propinate - glucose production
  3. butyrate - rumen wall
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31
Q

Fats make up how much of a Dairy cattles nutritional needs?

A

3-5%

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32
Q

What is the relationship between fat and fiber digestion

A

High fat levels reduce fiber digestion

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33
Q

Early lactation requierments

Earley lactation day length

A
  • highest energy needs/ negative energy balance
  • 1.72-1.75 NEL

0-70 days

34
Q

Peak Lactation Requierments

Peak lactation day length

A
  • maintaing milk productions
  • 1.68-1.72 NEL

70-100 days

35
Q

Mid-lactation requierments

Mis-lactation day length

A

1.62-1.68 NEL

140-200 days

36
Q

Late lactation requierments

late lactation day length

A
  • low energy
  • run the risk of over conditioning

200+ days

37
Q

The far off period lasts …

The close up period lasts …
before calving

A
  • 60-21 days
  • 20-0 day
38
Q

Body condition score range for dairy cattle and the ideal score

A

1-5

3

39
Q

List the four assesment points of dairy cattle BCS

A
  1. tail head
  2. loin area
  3. pelvis
  4. short ribs
40
Q

Ideal score for the drying off period

A

3.25-3.75

41
Q

Ideal score for calving

A

3-3.25

42
Q

Ideal BCS for early lactation

A

0.5-1 loss as long as it dosen’t fall below 2.75

43
Q

Ideal BCS for mid-lactation

A

3-3.25

44
Q

Ideal BCS for late lactation

A

3-3.5

45
Q

How is the preformance of dairy cattle effected if the BCS is below 2.5

A
  • lowered conceptionrates
  • heat weakness
  • extended calving intervals
46
Q

How is the preformance of dairy cattle effected if the BCS is above 4

A
  • increased risk oc calving difficulties
  • ketosis
  • poor conception
  • retained plecenta
47
Q

Advantages of a TMR feeding system

A
  • maxmize feed efficencies
  • better rumen health
  • easy management of large head
48
Q

Disadvantages of the TMR feeding system

A
  • daily mixing
  • higer investment in equipment
49
Q

Advantages if component feeding

A
  • lower equipment costs
  • good for smaller herds
  • less investment
50
Q

Disadvantages of Component feeding

A
  • selevtive feeding
  • harder management
  • more labor requiered
51
Q

Advantages of Pasture Based systems

A
  • lower costs
  • better milk product
  • lower housing costs
  • animal welfare
52
Q

Disadvantages of Pasture base systems

A
  • weather dependant
  • seasonal challanges
  • land needed
  • nonvariable nutrients
53
Q

This disorder is caused by low calcium in the blood after giving birth

A

Milk Fever

54
Q

The proper DCAD should be _ in order to be healthy

A

negative

55
Q

List the primary energy sources for swine

A
  • corn
  • grain sorgum
  • wheat
56
Q

List the essiential amino acids necessary for swine

A
  • K
  • M
  • W
  • T
57
Q

The energy source that has the least Lysine

A

Corn

58
Q

The energy source that is 95% the energy value of corn

A

Grain Sorgum

59
Q

The protiene source is 44-48%CP and has anti-nutritional factors

A

Soybean meal

60
Q

The energy source that has a higher protiene level than corn and as a result is more expensive

A

Wheat

61
Q

This protiene source has 27-30%CP

A

DDGS

62
Q

This protiene source is mostly used in nursery diets for its excelent amino acid profile

A

Fish meal

63
Q

Two mthods of Feed processing

A
  • Grinding
  • Peleting
64
Q

An antibiotic used to treat respiratory illnesses

A

Tylosin

65
Q

An antibiotic used to treat infections

A

Chlortetracyclie

66
Q

An antibiotic used to treat gut health

A

Virginiamgcin

67
Q

Three common probiotics

A
  • Lactobacillus
  • Bacilla
  • Saceharomyces
68
Q

This enzyme saves on phosphours supplementation

A

Phytase

69
Q

This enzyme breaks down fiber

A

Carbohydrase

70
Q

This enzyme aids in protitene digestion

A

Protase

71
Q

What are some reasons a pig may refuse to eat

A
  • food contamination
  • rancid
  • improper mixing
  • health issues
72
Q

This phase lasts from weaning til 50lbs gained and relies on a complex feeding transition 4-6x daily

A

Nursery phase

73
Q

This phase lasts from 50lbs to 130lbs and relies on at will feedingand a reduction of protein

A

Grower Phase

74
Q

At this phase the pig is 125lbs and the focus is on feed effiencey

A

Finnisher Phase

75
Q

Gestating sows have _ feeding

A

controled

76
Q

Lactating Sows have _ feeding

A

at-will

77
Q

Body condition score range for pigs

Ideal body score

A

1-5
3

78
Q

Benefits of pelleting

A
  • 4-6% improved feed efficiency
  • 20-30% less waste
  • better flow
79
Q

Benefits of grinding

A

Feed efficiency improved by 1.2%

Digestibility improved by 1%

80
Q

This disease is caused by a vitamin E/selenium deficiency and causes blue tinged skin

A

Mulberry heart disease

Animal Nutrition (1 decks)

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