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Physics 251 > Exam 3 Concepts > Flashcards

Exam 3 Concepts Flashcards

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1
Q

constructive interference produces…

A

bigger amplitude

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2
Q

destructive interference produces…

A

smaller amplitude

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3
Q

m

A

order of refraction

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4
Q

more slits means

A

sharper image

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5
Q

N

A

number of slits

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6
Q

a diffraction produces an interference pattern. If the number of slits is increasing and everything else is the same then…

A

fringes get brighter and narrower.

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7
Q

spectroscopy

A

measuring wavelengths of emissions

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8
Q

order of electromagnetic spectrum

A

radio, micro, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x rays, gamma rays

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9
Q

two light sources are said to be coherent if they are

A

-same frequency
-maintain a constant distinct phase

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10
Q

two beams of coherent light start out at the same point in phase and travel different paths to arrive at point P. If the maximum constructive interference is to occur at point P, the two beams must travel paths that differ by

A

a whole number of wavelengths

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11
Q

monochromatic coherent light shines through a pair of slits if the distance between these slits is decreased what regards the interference pattern

A

distance between minima increases, distance between maxima increases

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12
Q

in a double slit interference separation is greatest when illuminate the double slit with

A

red light

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13
Q

in a single slit diffraction, when the slit is reduced what happens to the width of the central bright fringe

A

becomes wider

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14
Q

if a diffraction grating is heated and expands what happens to the angular location of the first order maximum

A

moves towards the centerline

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15
Q

when a beam of light is traveling in air is reflected by a glass surface there is..

A

90 degree phase change in the reflected beam

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16
Q

when a light wave enters into a medium of different refractive index

A

only its speed and wavelength change

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17
Q

if a sheet containing a single thin slit is heated (without damaging it) and therefore expands, what happens to the width of the central bright diffraction region on a distant screen

A

it gets wider

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18
Q

radio waves are diffracted by large objects, whereas visible light is not noticeably diffracted. why?

A

wavelength of light is smaller than the wavelength of radio waves

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19
Q

what increases the separation between the bright fringes in the diffraction pattern formed by a diffraction grating

A

increase in the wavelength of the light used

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20
Q

light of the same wavelength passes through two diffraction gratings. one grating has 4000 lines/cm and the other one has 6000 lines/cm which grating will spread the light through a larger angle in the first order pattern

A

the 6000 line grating

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21
Q

light reflects off the surface of lake superior. what phase shift does it undergo

A

180 degrees

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22
Q

when a beam of light that is traveling in glass strikes an air boundary at the surface of the glass there is

A

no phase change reflected in the beam

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23
Q

a light beam has a speed c in vacuum and speed v in a certain plastic the index of refraction of this plastic is

A

n= c/v

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24
Q

light enters air from water (n=1.33) the angle of refraction will be

A

less than the angle of incidence

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25
Q

light goes from material having refractive index of n1 into a material with refractive index n2. if the refracted light is bent away from normal, what can you conclude about the indices of refraction

A

n1>n2

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26
Q

what describes the image formed by a plane mirror

A

virtual and upright

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27
Q

if you stand in front of a convex mirror at the same distance from it as its radius of curvature

A

you will see your image and you will appear smaller than you

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28
Q

which teerm describes lenses that are thinner at the center than at the edges

A

diverging and concave lenses

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29
Q

a convex Lense has a focal length f. if an object is located at infinity the image formed is located at a distance from the lens

A

of f

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30
Q

if an object is placed between a convex lens and its focal point, the image formed is

A

virtual and upright

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31
Q

starting from very far away an object is moved closer and closer to a diverging lens eventually reaching the lens. what happens to its image formed by the lens

A

the image eventually chamges from real to virtual

32
Q

if the magnification of a mirror or lens is negative it means that

A

the image is inverted

33
Q

the image formed by a single concave lens

A

is always virtual

34
Q

the index of refraction of a type of glass is 1.50 and the index of refraction of water is 1.33. if light enters water from this glass the angle of refraction will be

A

greater to the angle of incidence

35
Q

a beam of light traveling in air strikes a glass slab at an angle of incidence less than 90 degrees. after entering the glass slab, what does the beam of light do

A

bends closer to the normal at the point of contact

36
Q

the critical angle for a beam of light passing from water into air is 48.8 degrees this means that all light rays with an angle of incidence on the water is greater than 48.8 degrees will be

A

totally reflected

37
Q

describe lenses that are thicker at the center than at the edges

A

converging or convex

38
Q

a convex lens has focal length f, if an object is placed at a distance of 2f from the lens on the principal axis the image is located at a distance from the lens

A

infinity

39
Q

starting from very far away an object is moved closer to a converging lens eventually reaching the lens. what happens to the image formed by the lens

A

the image eventually changes from virtual to real

40
Q

describe the image formed by a single diverging lens

A

always virtual, upright, and smaller than the object

41
Q

if a single lens forms a virtual image of an object then

A

the lens could be either diverging or converging lens

42
Q

a negative magnification for a mirror means that

A

the image is inverted and the mirror is concave

43
Q

an object placed Infront of a convex mirror at a distance larger than twice the magnitude of the focal length of the mirror the image will appear

A

upright and reduced

44
Q

when you look into the backside of a spoon you seen

A

a little you rightside up

45
Q

single concave spherical mirrors produce images that

A

could be smaller than, larger than, or the same size as the actual object depending on the placement of the object

46
Q

the primary reason that very large nuclei are unstable is due to

A

the cumulative repulsive force of the protons

47
Q

atomic nuclei that are all isotopes of an element all have the same

A

number of protons

48
Q

all nuclei of a given element have the same number of

A

protons

49
Q

the atomic number and mass for calcium-39 are 20 and 39 respectively, how many neutrons are in one atom

A

19

50
Q

the atomic mass unit is defined as

A

one twelfth the mass of a carbon 12 atom

51
Q

a stable nucleus contains many protons very close to each other, all positively charged. why do the protons nit fly apart due to mutual coulomb repulsion

A

an attractive nuclear force in the nucleus counteracts the effect of the coulomb forces

52
Q

an alpha particle is also known as

A

a helium nucleus

53
Q

if the half life of a material is 45 years how much of it will be left after 100 years

A

less than 1/4 but more than 1/8

54
Q

what is the meaning of the term critical mass in regard to nuclear fission

A

minimum amount of fissionable material required to sustain a chain reaction

55
Q

the main fuel for producing energy in the center of the sun is

A

hydrogen

56
Q

the two strongest forces that act between protons in the nucleus are

A

the strong nuclear and the electrostatic forces

57
Q

main reason there is a limit to the size of a stable nucleus

A

the short range nature of the strong nuclear force

58
Q

a beta - particle is also known as

A

an electron

59
Q

the nuclei of 4 2 He is also known as

A

alpha particles

60
Q

when a beta + particle is emitted from an unstable nucleus, the atomic number of the nucleus

A

decreases by one

61
Q

the chief hazard of radiation damage to living cells is

A

due to ionization

62
Q

strong reflection means..

A

constructive

63
Q

weak reflection means…

A

destructive

64
Q

specular reflection

A

reflection from a smooth shiny surface

65
Q

incident ray

A

ray coming into the reflective surface

66
Q

diffuse reflection

A

reflecting incident light in all directions

67
Q

s is positive when

A

always

68
Q

s is negative when

A

never

69
Q

s’ is positive when

A

real image, opposite side of lens or in front of a mirror

70
Q

s ’ is negative when

A

virtual image, same side of lens, behind a mirror

71
Q

f is positive when

A

converging lens or mirror

72
Q

f is negative when

A

diverging lens or mirror

73
Q

m is positive when

A

image is upright

74
Q

m is negative when

A

image is inverted

75
Q

total internal reflection

A

light ray is unable to refract through a boundary and instead reflects back into

Physics 251 (4 decks)

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