Exam 3 Concepts Flashcards by Bella Forster

constructive interference produces…

bigger amplitude

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destructive interference produces…

smaller amplitude

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order of refraction

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more slits means

sharper image

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number of slits

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a diffraction produces an interference pattern. If the number of slits is increasing and everything else is the same then…

fringes get brighter and narrower.

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spectroscopy

measuring wavelengths of emissions

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order of electromagnetic spectrum

radio, micro, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x rays, gamma rays

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two light sources are said to be coherent if they are

-same frequency
-maintain a constant distinct phase

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two beams of coherent light start out at the same point in phase and travel different paths to arrive at point P. If the maximum constructive interference is to occur at point P, the two beams must travel paths that differ by

a whole number of wavelengths

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monochromatic coherent light shines through a pair of slits if the distance between these slits is decreased what regards the interference pattern

distance between minima increases, distance between maxima increases

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in a double slit interference separation is greatest when illuminate the double slit with

red light

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in a single slit diffraction, when the slit is reduced what happens to the width of the central bright fringe

becomes wider

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if a diffraction grating is heated and expands what happens to the angular location of the first order maximum

moves towards the centerline

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when a beam of light is traveling in air is reflected by a glass surface there is..

90 degree phase change in the reflected beam

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when a light wave enters into a medium of different refractive index

only its speed and wavelength change

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if a sheet containing a single thin slit is heated (without damaging it) and therefore expands, what happens to the width of the central bright diffraction region on a distant screen

it gets wider

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radio waves are diffracted by large objects, whereas visible light is not noticeably diffracted. why?

wavelength of light is smaller than the wavelength of radio waves

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what increases the separation between the bright fringes in the diffraction pattern formed by a diffraction grating

increase in the wavelength of the light used

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light of the same wavelength passes through two diffraction gratings. one grating has 4000 lines/cm and the other one has 6000 lines/cm which grating will spread the light through a larger angle in the first order pattern

the 6000 line grating

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light reflects off the surface of lake superior. what phase shift does it undergo

180 degrees

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when a beam of light that is traveling in glass strikes an air boundary at the surface of the glass there is

no phase change reflected in the beam

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a light beam has a speed c in vacuum and speed v in a certain plastic the index of refraction of this plastic is

n= c/v

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light enters air from water (n=1.33) the angle of refraction will be

less than the angle of incidence

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light goes from material having refractive index of n1 into a material with refractive index n2. if the refracted light is bent away from normal, what can you conclude about the indices of refraction

n1>n2

what describes the image formed by a plane mirror

virtual and upright

if you stand in front of a convex mirror at the same distance from it as its radius of curvature

you will see your image and you will appear smaller than you

which teerm describes lenses that are thinner at the center than at the edges

diverging and concave lenses

a convex Lense has a focal length f. if an object is located at infinity the image formed is located at a distance from the lens

of f

if an object is placed between a convex lens and its focal point, the image formed is

virtual and upright

starting from very far away an object is moved closer and closer to a diverging lens eventually reaching the lens. what happens to its image formed by the lens

the image eventually chamges from real to virtual

if the magnification of a mirror or lens is negative it means that

the image is inverted

the image formed by a single concave lens

is always virtual

the index of refraction of a type of glass is 1.50 and the index of refraction of water is 1.33. if light enters water from this glass the angle of refraction will be

greater to the angle of incidence

a beam of light traveling in air strikes a glass slab at an angle of incidence less than 90 degrees. after entering the glass slab, what does the beam of light do

bends closer to the normal at the point of contact

the critical angle for a beam of light passing from water into air is 48.8 degrees this means that all light rays with an angle of incidence on the water is greater than 48.8 degrees will be

totally reflected

describe lenses that are thicker at the center than at the edges

converging or convex

a convex lens has focal length f, if an object is placed at a distance of 2f from the lens on the principal axis the image is located at a distance from the lens

infinity

starting from very far away an object is moved closer to a converging lens eventually reaching the lens. what happens to the image formed by the lens

the image eventually changes from virtual to real

describe the image formed by a single diverging lens

always virtual, upright, and smaller than the object

if a single lens forms a virtual image of an object then

the lens could be either diverging or converging lens

a negative magnification for a mirror means that

the image is inverted and the mirror is concave

an object placed Infront of a convex mirror at a distance larger than twice the magnitude of the focal length of the mirror the image will appear

upright and reduced

when you look into the backside of a spoon you seen

a little you rightside up

single concave spherical mirrors produce images that

could be smaller than, larger than, or the same size as the actual object depending on the placement of the object

the primary reason that very large nuclei are unstable is due to

the cumulative repulsive force of the protons

atomic nuclei that are all isotopes of an element all have the same

number of protons

all nuclei of a given element have the same number of

protons

the atomic number and mass for calcium-39 are 20 and 39 respectively, how many neutrons are in one atom

the atomic mass unit is defined as

one twelfth the mass of a carbon 12 atom

a stable nucleus contains many protons very close to each other, all positively charged. why do the protons nit fly apart due to mutual coulomb repulsion

an attractive nuclear force in the nucleus counteracts the effect of the coulomb forces

an alpha particle is also known as

a helium nucleus

if the half life of a material is 45 years how much of it will be left after 100 years

less than 1/4 but more than 1/8

what is the meaning of the term critical mass in regard to nuclear fission

minimum amount of fissionable material required to sustain a chain reaction

the main fuel for producing energy in the center of the sun is

hydrogen

the two strongest forces that act between protons in the nucleus are

the strong nuclear and the electrostatic forces

main reason there is a limit to the size of a stable nucleus

the short range nature of the strong nuclear force

a beta - particle is also known as

an electron

the nuclei of 4 2 He is also known as

alpha particles

when a beta + particle is emitted from an unstable nucleus, the atomic number of the nucleus

decreases by one

the chief hazard of radiation damage to living cells is

due to ionization

strong reflection means..

constructive

weak reflection means...

destructive

specular reflection

reflection from a smooth shiny surface

incident ray

ray coming into the reflective surface

diffuse reflection

reflecting incident light in all directions

s is positive when

always

s is negative when

never

s^' is positive when

real image, opposite side of lens or in front of a mirror

s ^' is negative when

virtual image, same side of lens, behind a mirror

f is positive when

converging lens or mirror

f is negative when

diverging lens or mirror

m is positive when

image is upright

m is negative when

image is inverted

total internal reflection

light ray is unable to refract through a boundary and instead reflects back into