Exam 3 - Compressed Gases & Vaporizers (Kane) Flashcards
What is a primary source of compressed gas?
- wall pipeline source of gas
- transporting on O2 tank
When do we use an emergency source of compressed gas?
- if pipeline fails & there is no pipeline pressure
- ex: the tank on the back of the machine
What is the color for O2?
Green
What is the color for Air?
Yellow
What is the color for nitrous?
Blue
What is psi?
pounds per square inch
What is a non-liquified gas?
- gas that does not liquify @ ordinary ambient temperature
- regardless of pressure applied
- ex: Oxygen, air, helium
What is a liquified gas?
- gas that becomes liquid to a large extent in containers @ ambient temp and at pressure from 25-1500 psi
- ex: nitrous oxide, CO2
What does the FDA oversee?
- purity of tanks
- they can only have a minute amount of dust/gunk per sq. inch
What does the DOT do?
- defines marking, labeling, storage handling
- the info that has to be on the tank
What does the Department of Labor/OSHA do?
- they deal w/ employee safety
- they get involved if there is an injury (tank exploding when knocked over)
Cylinder Components
Body:
1) what is it made out of?
2) how is the base shaped?
3) what is the top called?
- long part that holds all the gas
- made out of steel, steel carbon fiber, aluminum
- flat/concave bases (inny belly button)
- neck - screw threads for yoke hanger to be screwed on
What does the National Fire Protection Association do?
- O2 is flammable & supports combustion
- does not cause it
Cylinder components
When would an aluminum cylinder be used?
- in magnet rooms
- MRI, cath lab, etc.
Cylinder Components
Check Valve:
1) where is it attached?
2) what is it made of?
3) what does it do?
- attached to the neck
- made of bronze or brass
- allows refilling & discharge of gas
Cylinder Components
What is the handle?
- it opens/closes the cylinder
- should be on EVERY cylinder - needed for emergencies
Cylinder Components
What is the pressure relief device (safety relief)?
- vents the cylinder contents to atmosphere if pressure increases to dangerous levels inside of the cylinder
Cylinder components
What are the 3 methods the pressure relief device works?
- disc that bursts & allows compressed gas to be vented
- fusible plug melts & allows excess pressure to go out
- spring-like valve opens or or a valve that has pressure underneath it opens & allows excess pressure out
What does the Pin Index Safety System (PISS) prevent?
- prevents crossover of the wrong cable/tank to the wrong pins/hanger
- ex: same pins for O2, nitrous, air tank
PISS
Where are the holes and pins?
- holes: on the cylinder valve positioned in an arc below the outlet port
- pins: on the yoke or pressure regulator are positioned to fit into these holes
Cylinder Size
“a”
smallest ones
* used at grocery stores
Cylinder size
“E”
- most commonly used on anesthesia machines
Cylinder Size
“D”
- used for transport - skinnier & longer
Cylinder Size
“H/G”
- used for refilling other smaller tanks
What is the pressure from the cylinder to the machine?
- 45 psi - decreased from 55 psi
The tanks on the back of the machine must remain ________.
- closed
What 3 things can we do when the wall pressure fails?
- decrease FiO2
- get more tanks
- fix the wall pressure
Contents of the tank vs. pressure in the tank
Non-liquifed gases:
What happens w/ pressure and volume?
- O2, air
- when pressure decreases – volume decreases
What is the typical pressure & volume in a full O2 tank?
- 1900-2000 psi
- 600L
Non-liquified gas
What is the pressure and volume in a half-full tank?
- 950 psi
- 330L
Non-liquified gas
What is the pressure and volume in a 1/4 full tank?
- 475 psi
- 165L
With a liquified gas (N2O) - what does the pressure depend on?
Vapor pressure
not an indication of remaining volume
Liquified Gas
What is N2O pressure in a full, half-full, and when there is no liquid remaining?
- 745 psi
What 5 things does the DOT regulate for cylinders?
- Service pressure
- Test date
- Diamond shaped label indicating hazard of gas
- Name & Address of manufacturer
- Expiration date of contents
Cylinder Standards
Valves, regulators, & gauges should never come into contact with ________, ________, or ________.
Why?
- oils, greases, or lubricants
- they are combustible
Cylinder Standards
Cylinders should never be subject to temps above ________.
- 54 C (130F)
- volatile little bishes when we are hot
Cylinder Standards
The ________ should always be tight.
Why?
- connections
- don’t want stuff leaking to atmosphere (wasteful)
Cylinder Standards
Never cross use ________, ________, or ________.
- hoses, regulators, or gauges
Cylinder Standards
What should not be altered?
markings, lables
Cylinder Standards
How should cylinders be physically handled?
- do not drag, drop, or slide
- properly secure to prevent fall (hanger yoke, carrier, basket)
Cylinder Standards
Should the valve be kept open or closed?
- closed - so we don’t lose O2
What 6 things are important to have in storage rooms for cylinders?
- adequate ventilation
- sign: “no smoking, no combustibles”
- not exposed to corrosive chemicals, fumes
- stored upright in bins
- full cylinders kept separate from empty
- no wrapping/drapes around cylinders
use of cylinders
What 4 things should we visually inspect before using a cylinder?
- look @ tank - no dents, grease
- label, pin index, holes, valve outlet inspected
- tamper seal removed
- need 1 washer in place
Use of Cylinders
When do we open the valve to the cylinder?
- in the hallway, before exposed to pt or OR
- face valve outlet away from people!
- open slowly
Use of cylinders
We need to check the ________ ________ before use.
- service pressure (full/empty)
Use of Cylinders
What 3 things should we do if there is a leak w/ the cylinder?
- screw the screws on better
- adjust the washer
- could be faulty hanger yoke/cable - get another
What are the pipeline systems used for?
- to deliver non-flammable gases (O2, air, nitrous) to anesthetizing locations and other pt care areas
- ex: OR, PACU, pre-op, ER, pt rooms, x-ray
What are the 3 main systems/pieces to the pipeline system?
- Central Supply
- Piping: received @ 50psi
- Terminal units: maintains ~50% psi
Pipeline Systems
Where is the central supply located?
- outdoors in enclosure
- indoors in secure area
Pipeline Systems
What is the central supply?
- bank of O2/air tanks that must contain at least 2 days supply for entire hospital
- can have primary & secondary locations
Pipeline Systems
Oxygen supply source - gaseous supply
- G & H cylinders & much bigger ones
- refilled on site (look like water tanks) or transported
Pipeline Systems
Oxygen supply source - Liquid supply
less expensive & more convenient to store
* refilled from supply trucks
* no interruption to service
* take up less space (more in liquid form)
Pipeline System
Classes of piping: What is the piping?
- takes the gas from the CS (tank in parking lot) to the hospital
Pipeline System
Classes of piping: What are the main lines?
- connect CS gas sources to risers
- main lines are horizontal
Pipeline Systems
Classes of Piping: What are the risers?
- vertical pipes
- connect main line w/ branch lines on each level of the facility
Pipeline Systems
Classes of Piping: What are the branches?
- sections supplying a room or group of rooms on one level of the facility
- horizontal out to the places
Pipeline Systems:
What are the terminal units?
- wall unit @ HOB in ICU/OR where we plug the machine in
- color coded w/ flat plate
- uses “DISS” - diameter index safety system OR quick connects
- the nipple & nut vary in bore & diameter
- prevents cross-linking (awareness & hypoxia)
What are the quick connectors?
- wall, ceiling-mounted, or ceiling column outlets
- allow connection w/ one or both hands w/o tools
- more convenient, leak more
What are the shut-off valves?
- valves that allow specific areas of the piping system to be isolated for problems/maintenance
- ex: occlusion, O2 runs out, needs worked on
Shut-off valves
Where do shut-off valves need to be located?
Where can we shut them off at?
- located in specific places from beginning of tank to end terminal
- can shut off @ main line, risers, individual OR levels
When do area alarm systems go off?
- if pressure increases/decreases 20% from normal line pressure
What 2 things must the area alarm system have?
- audible & visual alarm
- must be labeled for gas & area
What areas are notified when an area alarm system goes off?
- maintenance
- engineering
- the affected unit
