Exam 3 - Clinical Correlations

Question 1

atelectasis

Answer 1

• no breath sounds heart on collapsed lung
• often get mediastinal shift toward affected side
• chest pain, shortness of breath
• ice pick wound

Question 2

treatment of atelectasis

Answer 2

close original wound then chest tube connected to system that applies negative pressure -> slowly inflate over 12-24 h -> then take out tube and close up hole

Question 3

aspiration of stomach acid into lungs

Answer 3

• restrictive problem
• causes burn (acid) + edema of surrounding alveoli
• severely decreased lung tissue = no absorptive surfaces left for gas exchange -> most die

Question 4

effects of prolonged hyperventilation

Answer 4

-puts you in respiratory alkalosis -> paresthesias around mouth and in fingers -> pass out (+seizure) -> wake up very thirsty and with dry mouth

Question 5

hypothermia

Answer 5

• low BP, HR fine, respirations fine
• core temp ischemia + cold digits -> frostbite (tissue freezes)
• also a problem if alcohol in system -> causes flushing -> lose heat very rapidly in the cold

Question 6

treatment for hypothermia

Answer 6

heat up slowly b/c can cause more damage if sudden vasodilation

Question 7

why do COPD patients often purse their lips while they exhale?

Answer 7

to increase resistance needed to get more gas across their thickened membranes

Question 8

what are the signs/Sx of COPD?

Answer 8

• barrel chest
• ruddy complexion (red/maroon skin)
• ronchi (crackles)
• pursed lips during exhalation