Exam 3 chapter 5-6 Flashcards
Body systems/ organ systems
formed when organs join with other organs or structures to carry out vital body functions.
How many body systems are there?
12
Integumentary
Skeletal
Muscular
Lymphatic
Immune
Respiratory
Digestive
Nervous
Endocrine
Skeletal
Cardiovascular
Urinary
Male and female reproductive systems
Integumentary system
Encloses and protects all of the other body systems
Provides protection, regulated temperature, and prevent water loss.
Parts of the integumentary system
Skin
Hair
Nails
Sebaceous glands (oil)
Sudoriferous glands (sweat)
Skeletal system
Provides the body with protection and support
Produces blood cells and stores minerals, fat, and calcium
Parts of the skeletal system
Bones, associated cartilages, ligaments, and joints
Muscular system
Produces movements, produces body heat, and helps maintain posture
Lymphatic system
Works with the immune system
Removes foreign substances from the blood and lymph.
Parts of the lymphatic system
Lymphatic vessels
Lymph nodes
Glands
Tonsils
Thymus
Spleen
Immune system
Responsible for protecting the body against bacteria, viruses, fungi, toxins, parasites, and cancer
How does the immune system provide protection
By circulating white blood cells and antibodies throughout the body
Respiratory system
Provides oxygen to body cells and removes carbon dioxide
Respiration
Process of taking in oxygen and giving off carbon dioxide
Internal respiration (inhaling)
Gas exchange between the blood and the body cells
External respiration (exhaling)
Exchange of air between the lungs and the outside environment
Digestive system
Responsible for the intake and digestion of food, the absorption of nutrients, and the removal of solid waste.
Alimentary canal organs
Mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Rectum
Anus
Accessory organs
Teeth
Tongue
Salivary glands
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Nervous system
Responsible for conscious actions and unconscious actions
Two major divisions of the nervous system
CNS
PNS
Central nervous system (CNS)
Consists of the brain and spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Consists of the cranial nerves and spinal nerves
How does the nervous system function?
By transmitting electrical impulses
Endocrine system
Controls the functions of organs and tissues at a cellular level
Parts of the endocrine system
Glands that secrete various hormones
Organs of the body that secrete hormones directly into body fluids including the blood
How does the endocrine system function
Controls the body over time using hormones
Hormones
Chemicals secretes by a cell that affect the functions of other cells
Cardiovascular system (Circulatory system)
Responsible for sending blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen and to the digestive system to collect nutrients and then for delivering the oxygen and nutrients throughout the body
Parts of the cardiovascular system
Heart
Blood vessels
Urinary system
Responsible for removing metabolic waste from the blood
Maintaining proper balance of water, salts, and acids in the body fluids
Removing excess fluids from the body
Parts of the urinary system
Kidneys
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra
Female reproductive system
Produces oocytes that develop into female sex cells (ova)
Site of fertilization and fetal development
Produces milk for the newborn
Influence sexual function and behaviors
Parts of the female reproductive system
Ovaries
Vagina
Uterus
Mammary glands
Associated structures
Male reproductive system
Produces and transports sperm
Generates hormones that influence sexual functions and behavior
Parts of the male reproductive system
Testes
Accessory structures
Ducts
Penis
Average amount of blood in adult
8 to 12 pints
What is the same as a pint
A unit of blood
What is the usual amount of blood transferred to a patient when needed
A unit of blood
What must a phlebotomist have an understanding of
Circulation, composition, and function of blood
How the closed circuit of blood vessels transport blood
Location of blood vessels
Large arteries of the heart that carry blood throughout the body
Aorta
Pulmonary
Coronary circulation
Supplies blood to the heart
Pulmonary circulation
Place of gas exchange
Deoxygenated blood from the body enters the heart through the right atrium and takes blood to the lungs where gas exchange occurs and oxygenated blood is pumped back into the heart
Systematic circulation
Responsible for delivering nutrient rich oxygenated blood to all other parts of the body
What are the three main blood vessels
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
Arteries
Vessels that transport blood away from the heart