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Government > Exam 3: Chapter 11, 12, 13, 14 > Flashcards

Exam 3: Chapter 11, 12, 13, 14 Flashcards

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1
Q

Why framers opted for bicameral legislature

A

So that legislation could occur only after patient deliberation

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2
Q

How senators were originally elected

A

By state legislatures

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3
Q

Difference between delegate and trustee

A

Delegate tries to perfectly mirror views of constituents

trustee acts independent trusting own judgement for how to best serve constituents

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4
Q

Congress representative?

A

No, # of blacks, Hispanics, etc doesn’t match actual population

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5
Q

Constituents

A

Citizen who lives in the district of the elected official

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6
Q

Reapportionment

A

Reallocation of house seats among states after each national census

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7
Q

Redistricting

A

Redrawing district lines within a stew with roughly equal populations

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8
Q

One person one vote ruling

A

Wesberry vs Sanders

Applies to congressional districts

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9
Q

Gerrymandering

A

Redraw district lines in extreme and unlikely manner to advantage of a particular party or candidate

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10
Q

majority minority districts

A

Drawn to ensure that a racial minority makes up the majority of voters

Result: Increased # of racial minority reps in house

In NC: 9/13 districts are republican but 48% voted Obama

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11
Q

Advantage of incumbency

A

Easier to raise money because lobbyists want to be close to house and senate members

Protected by Redistricting

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12
Q

Franking

A

Public subsidization of ____ from members of congress to their constituents

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13
Q

Casework

A

Services performed by members of congress for constituents

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14
Q

Why is partisanship increasing

A

Changing regional bases of parties (like Deep South)

Partisan conflict is on the rise naturally

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15
Q

How does leadership in house and senate differ

A

speaker of the house, who appoints members to rules committee and regulates schedule, is much more powerful than senate majority leader, who only has personal power, not institutional.

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16
Q

Types of committees in congress and functions

A

Standing committees: relatively permanent, address specific areas of legislation
Select committee: temporary, studies/investigations
Joint committee: members from both houses facilitate flow of legislation
Conference committee: ad hoc, members from both, reconcile differences in bills

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17
Q

Cloture

A

A vote to end a filibuster (need 3/5)

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18
Q

Filibustering

A

Unlimited debate in senate used to prevent bill from coming to a vote by talking it to death

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19
Q

Founders concept of presidency

A

VAGUE.

Strong, commander in chief, appoint executive dept heads, recommend measures to congress

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20
Q

Important presidents

A

X

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21
Q

Roles of Pres

A

Chief of state; domestic policy leader; legislative leader; manager of economy; chief executive; foreign policy leader; commander in chief; head of political party

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22
Q

Differing approaches of former presidents to their staff

A

Roosevelt granted some power to all in a competitive system; Eisenhower used hierarchical system and gave chief of staff most power

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23
Q

National security advisor and his/her purpose

A

A top foreign policy and defense advisor to president. Head of national security council

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24
Q

Components of executive office of president

A

A group of orgs that advise Pres, including office of management and budget, NSC, council of economic advisors, intelligence advisory board

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25
Q

How has VP evolved

A

Used to be runner up, but fixed in 1804 with 12th amendment. Used to be shut out of important duties, but now becoming more significant

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26
Q

Amendments significant to Pres and VP

A

12-VP Runs with Pres

25- in case of Pres death or resign (also, Pres can pick new VP if old one can’t make it)

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27
Q

Vacancy in Vp office

A

25th amendment - Pres nominated a new one, both houses of congress must approve

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28
Q

Is cabinet in constitution?

A

Nope. It’s weak. Gov has grown large and specialized and heads of departments know their shit. It would be a waste of time to have them discuss

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29
Q

What helps Pres get his way with congress

A
  1. Same party

2. When it’s about foreign issues

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30
Q

Two presidencies

A

Domestic and foreign, foreign is much more dominant

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31
Q

Vetoes common?

A

NO, but they are seldom overriden.

32
Q

Sig of Pres going public

A

Enhanced their power to shape public opinion

33
Q

What can decrease a presidents popularity

A

Economic recession

34
Q

Why do individuals stay away from working for gov

A

X

35
Q

What 2 bosses do federal agencies have

A

Pres and Congress

36
Q

Who appoints head of department

A

Pres appoints, senate approves

37
Q

Newest federal dept

A

Homeland security

38
Q

Independent regulatory commissions and how they operate

A

Entity in the executive branch that is outside of the immediate control of the president and congress.

They issue rules and regulations to protect public

Run by commissioners

39
Q

What do bureaucrats do

A

Unelected policy makers

MAKE RULES

40
Q

Patronage

A

The practice of distributing government offices and contracts to supporters of the winning party (spoils system)

41
Q

Pendleton act of 1883

A

Created a bipartisan civil service commission to oversee a system of appointments to certain executive branch posts on the basis of merit

42
Q

What did Clinton mean by making gov look more like America

A

Appointing women and minorities to top positions in his administration

43
Q

Birds of passage

A

Top political appointees

Never stay long

44
Q

Which Pres established a Plumbers Unit

A

Nixon (this is a personal domestic surveillance and espionage unit)

45
Q

How can congress influence the behavior of an agency?

A

By legislating agency organization and mission, confirming or refusing to confirm presidential appointments, controlling agency budget, holding oversight hearings, using inspector general

46
Q

Oversight hearings

A

Important instrument for gathering info about policies and performance of federal agencies

47
Q

Privatization

A

Turning over certain govt functions to the private sector

Need to know Example: defense department used a private contractor for making its weapons

48
Q

Red tape

A

Overbearing bureaucratic rules and procedures

49
Q

Reinventing govt, and who supported it?

A

Transforming federal bureaucracy by cutting the fat, privatizing, and introducing business principles into executive branch

Bill Clinton, al gore

50
Q

Judicial review + what Hamilton thought

A

Power of Supreme Court to declare actions of other. Ranches and levels of gov unconditional

51
Q

Significant of Marbury vs Madison

A

Established judicial review

52
Q

Only court mentioned in US constitution

A

Supreme Court

53
Q

Dif between constitutional and legislative courts

A

Const courts are Federal courts created by congress under the authority of article III of constitution

Leg courts are highly specialized federal courts created by ingress under article I if constitution

54
Q

Federal court structure

A

Draw a pyramid
Top: supreme
Middle: 13 appeals courts
Bottom: 94 federal courts

55
Q

Original jurisdiction

A

Courts where cases are first heard (district courts)

56
Q

Grand vs Petit juries

A

Grand bring indictments, petit decide cases

57
Q

Appellate jurisdiction

A

Exist only to hear appeals from other courts (circuit court)

58
Q

State decisis

A

Legal doctrine that says percent should guide judicial decision making

59
Q

What type of jurisdiction does US Supreme Court have

A

Both original and appellate, mostly appellate

60
Q

Qualification to be a judge

A

X

61
Q

Senatorial courtesy

A

The tradition that a judicial nomination for a federal district court seat be approved by the senior senator of the presidents party from the state where a district court is located before the nominee is considered by the senate judiciary committees

62
Q

When does Supreme Court convene

A

First Monday in October to late June or early July

63
Q

Identify unwritten rules of behavior (norms) (of Supreme Court)

A

Secrecy: keeps conflicts out of public eye
Seniority: senior members speak first
Precedent: don’t overrule self in one decision

64
Q

How many justices does it take to grant writ of certiorari?

A

4/9

65
Q

How many cases does Supreme Court hear per year

A

About 80

66
Q

Amicus curse brief

A

A brief in which individuals not party to a suit may have their views heard (“friend of the court” brief)

67
Q

What factors are most influential in predicting how a justice votes

A

Ideology is increasingly most important

68
Q

What is majority opinion? Who writes it?

A

Actual written opinion of court. One of the jay tuxes that the chief justice chooses, or if the Chief Justice was in the minority, then whoever the most senior member of the majority chooses

69
Q

Periods of Supreme Court

A
  1. Early 1800s-civil war. John Marshall. Max protection of property rights and nationalism over states
  2. Civil war-great depression. Business and Supreme Court alliance.
  3. WW II - mid 1980s. Earl Warren. Expanded protections for free expression, fair trials,ccivil rights for minorities, religious expression.
  4. 1991-present. Rehnquist, Roberts. Reconsideration of federalism in favor of states rights. Consistently conservative. Friendly to business.
70
Q

Judicial activism

A

Actions by the court that purportedly go beyond the role of the judiciary as interpreter of the law and adjudicator of disputes

71
Q

Original intent:

A

Doctrine that the city’s must interpret constitution in ways consistent with framers intent rather than in light of contemporary needs.

72
Q

Class action lawsuits

A

Lawsuits in which a small number of people sue on behalf of all people in similar circumstances.

73
Q

What is majority opinion? Who writes it?

A

Actual written opinion of court. One of the jay tuxes that the chief justice chooses, or if the Chief Justice was in the minority, then whoever the most senior member of the majority chooses

74
Q

Periods of Supreme Court

A
  1. Early 1800s-civil war. John Marshall. Max protection of property rights and nationalism over states
  2. Civil war-great depression. Business and Supreme Court alliance.
  3. WW II - mid 1980s. Earl Warren. Expanded protections for free expression, fair trials,ccivil rights for minorities, religious expression.
  4. 1991-present. Rehnquist, Roberts. Reconsideration of federalism in favor of states rights. Consistently conservative. Friendly to business.
75
Q

Judicial activism

A

Actions by the court that purportedly go beyond the role of the judiciary as interpreter of the law and adjudicator of disputes

76
Q

Original intent:

A

Doctrine that the city’s must interpret constitution in ways consistent with framers intent rather than in light of contemporary needs.

Government (10 decks)

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