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LIFESPAN > Exam 3 (CH 7 & CH 8) > Flashcards

Exam 3 (CH 7 & CH 8) Flashcards

1
Q

Describe growth patterns in early childhood

A

Become slimmer; lower body lengthens; gain muscle

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2
Q

Cartilage continues to _____ and new ______ develop

A

Harden into bone; epiphyses (new growth systems)

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3
Q

Baby teeth:
Malnutrition _____ losing and obesity ______ losing

A

Delays
Accelerates

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4
Q

Brain Growth:
Continued _____ formation, cell ____, _______, and ______

A

Synapse. Death, myelination, pruning

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5
Q

_____ lobe begins to develop

A

Frontal

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6
Q

For brain growth: a lot of _____ is needed, in fact _____ energy is at its _____

A

Energy, cerebral, peak

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7
Q

From ages 2-6 brain increases from 70% to __% of adult size

A

90

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8
Q

Hemispheres continue to ______

A

Lateralize

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9
Q

__________ cortex is especially active

A

Left cerebral

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10
Q

Handedness is determined by

A

Dominant cerebral hemisphere

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11
Q

Cerebellum

A

Physical coordination
Thinking

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12
Q

Amygdala
Sensitive to

A

Danger/safety
Processing novelty
Emotional info
Facial expressions - fear

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13
Q

Reticular formation

A

Alertness
Myelinated into 20s
Consciousness

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14
Q

Hippocampus

A

Memory and spatial orientation

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15
Q

Corpus collosum

A

Coordination of mental processes and movements

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16
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Hormone secretion and physical maturation

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17
Q

The pituitary glands influence on physical growth

A

Gland releases GH & thyroid stimulating hormone

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18
Q

Thyroid stimulating hormone

A

Thyroxine allows GH to have full effect

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19
Q

Picky eaters are ____ to swallow dangerous substances
Eating less causes growth to ____

A

Less likely
Slow

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20
Q

Balance _____

A

Improves

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21
Q

Motion is more smooth by age ___

A

2

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22
Q

Combined upper-lower body coordination by age and have greater _____ and ____

A

5
Speed, endurance

23
Q

What kind of children have more speed and develop some physical skills faster

A

Tall muscular

24
Q

______ parents more likely to encourage interest-specific motor skills

A

Athletic

25
Q

What are the gender differences around motor skills?

A

Males force and running
Girls fine motor skills and balance

26
Q

What should parents avoid during the development of motor skills? Why?

A

Being too critical/competitive
Loose self confidence/motivation

27
Q

Piagets Pre-operational Thinking

A

Ages 2-7
Several expected gains

28
Q

Dual representation

A

Through sensorimotor exploration, internal images of experiences children label

29
Q

Example of dual representation

A

Make believe play strengthening schemas

30
Q

What does dual representation lead to?

A

Symbolic objects as an object on its own and what it represents

31
Q

Piagets Pre-operational phase phenomena:

A

Language development
Pretend play
Egocentrism

32
Q

Children in the preoperational phase are not capable of mental processes that involve:

A

Logic

33
Q

Conservation

A

Amount remains the same even if the appearance changes

34
Q

Centration

A

Focus on one aspect of object and neglect others

35
Q

Irreversibility

A

Cannot mentally reverse action, think backwards

36
Q

Hierarchal classification

A

Organization into classes and subclasses bases on similarities/differences

37
Q

Piagetian Class Inclusion Problem

A

More red flowers or flowers?
Answer red because they can’t understand broader category

38
Q

What does the follow-up research of the pre operational thoughts conclude?

A

Children not entirely incapable of considering other perspectives
Change style of language based on who they’re talking to
Logic thought
Less abrupt more gradual

39
Q

Private speech according to Vgotsky

A

Foundation of all cognitive processes
Especially used with difficult tasks

40
Q

Metacognition

A

Thinking about thought

41
Q

theory of mind

A

Theory of what other people are thinking

42
Q

At age _ child understands that they can think

A

3

43
Q

At age _ realize people are not necessarily thinking the same as them

A

4

44
Q

Fast mapping

A

Connecting new words with underlying concepts after brief introduction

45
Q

3 1/2 - 4yrs old _____ word sentence
____-_____-____

A

3
Subject verb object

46
Q

How do children pick up Jon plurals, prepositions, and verb tense?

A

Modeling others

47
Q

Overregulation

A

Overapplication of grammatical ruls

48
Q

Pragmatics

A

Responding appropriately and applying social rules of language to fit listener

49
Q

Talking on the phone requires ____ for most children

A

Practice

50
Q

_ yr olds can have _____ conversation
_ yr olds can ____ conversation to ____ age, sex, and/or social status

A

2
4 adjust, fit

51
Q

Direct feedback

A

Having conversation about sentence structure

52
Q

Indirect feedback,

A

Recasts and expansions

53
Q

Recasts

A

Restating with correct forms

54
Q

Expansions

A

Taking child’s sentence and elaborating to help them learn new words, grammar, etc
Not correction, advancement

LIFESPAN (3 decks)

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