Exam 3 (CH 7 & CH 8)

Question 1

Describe growth patterns in early childhood

Answer 1

Become slimmer; lower body lengthens; gain muscle

Question 2

Cartilage continues to _____ and new ______ develop

Answer 2

Harden into bone; epiphyses (new growth systems)

Question 3

Baby teeth:
Malnutrition _____ losing and obesity ______ losing

Answer 3

Delays
Accelerates

Question 4

Brain Growth:
Continued _____ formation, cell ____, _______, and ______

Answer 4

Synapse. Death, myelination, pruning

Question 5

_____ lobe begins to develop

Answer 5

Frontal

Question 6

For brain growth: a lot of _____ is needed, in fact _____ energy is at its _____

Answer 6

Energy, cerebral, peak

Question 7

From ages 2-6 brain increases from 70% to __% of adult size

Answer 7

90

Question 8

Hemispheres continue to ______

Answer 8

Lateralize

Question 9

__________ cortex is especially active

Answer 9

Left cerebral

Question 10

Handedness is determined by

Answer 10

Dominant cerebral hemisphere

Question 11

Cerebellum

Answer 11

Physical coordination
Thinking

Question 12

Amygdala
Sensitive to

Answer 12

Danger/safety
Processing novelty
Emotional info
Facial expressions - fear

Question 13

Reticular formation

Answer 13

Alertness
Myelinated into 20s
Consciousness

Question 14

Hippocampus

Answer 14

Memory and spatial orientation

Question 15

Corpus collosum

Answer 15

Coordination of mental processes and movements

Question 16

Pituitary gland

Answer 16

Hormone secretion and physical maturation

Question 17

The pituitary glands influence on physical growth

Answer 17

Gland releases GH & thyroid stimulating hormone

Question 18

Thyroid stimulating hormone

Answer 18

Thyroxine allows GH to have full effect

Question 19

Picky eaters are ____ to swallow dangerous substances
Eating less causes growth to ____

Answer 19

Less likely
Slow

Question 20

Balance _____

Answer 20

Improves

Question 21

Motion is more smooth by age ___

Answer 21

2

Question 22

Combined upper-lower body coordination by age and have greater _____ and ____

Answer 22

5
Speed, endurance

Question 23

What kind of children have more speed and develop some physical skills faster

Answer 23

Tall muscular

Question 24

______ parents more likely to encourage interest-specific motor skills

Answer 24

Athletic

Question 25

What are the gender differences around motor skills?

Answer 25

Males force and running Girls fine motor skills and balance

Question 26

What should parents avoid during the development of motor skills? Why?

Answer 26

Being too critical/competitive Loose self confidence/motivation

Question 27

Piagets Pre-operational Thinking

Answer 27

Ages 2-7 Several expected gains

Question 28

Dual representation

Answer 28

Through sensorimotor exploration, internal images of experiences children label

Question 29

Example of dual representation

Answer 29

Make believe play strengthening schemas

Question 30

What does dual representation lead to?

Answer 30

Symbolic objects as an object on its own and what it represents

Question 31

Piagets Pre-operational phase phenomena:

Answer 31

Language development Pretend play Egocentrism

Question 32

Children in the preoperational phase are not capable of mental processes that involve:

Answer 32

Logic

Question 33

Conservation

Answer 33

Amount remains the same even if the appearance changes

Question 34

Centration

Answer 34

Focus on one aspect of object and neglect others

Question 35

Irreversibility

Answer 35

Cannot mentally reverse action, think backwards

Question 36

Hierarchal classification

Answer 36

Organization into classes and subclasses bases on similarities/differences

Question 37

Piagetian Class Inclusion Problem

Answer 37

More red flowers or flowers? Answer red because they can’t understand broader category

Question 38

What does the follow-up research of the pre operational thoughts conclude?

Answer 38

Children not entirely incapable of considering other perspectives Change style of language based on who they’re talking to Logic thought Less abrupt more gradual

Question 39

Private speech according to Vgotsky

Answer 39

Foundation of all cognitive processes Especially used with difficult tasks

Question 40

Metacognition

Answer 40

Thinking about thought

Question 41

theory of mind

Answer 41

Theory of what other people are thinking

Question 42

At age _ child understands that they can think

Answer 42

3

Question 43

At age _ realize people are not necessarily thinking the same as them

Answer 43

4

Question 44

Fast mapping

Answer 44

Connecting new words with underlying concepts after brief introduction

Question 45

3 1/2 - 4yrs old _____ word sentence ____-_____-____

Answer 45

3 Subject verb object

Question 46

How do children pick up Jon plurals, prepositions, and verb tense?

Answer 46

Modeling others

Question 47

Overregulation

Answer 47

Overapplication of grammatical ruls

Question 48

Pragmatics

Answer 48

Responding appropriately and applying social rules of language to fit listener

Question 49

Talking on the phone requires ____ for most children

Answer 49

Practice

Question 50

_ yr olds can have _____ conversation _ yr olds can ____ conversation to ____ age, sex, and/or social status

Answer 50

2 4 adjust, fit

Question 51

Direct feedback

Answer 51

Having conversation about sentence structure

Question 52

Indirect feedback,

Answer 52

Recasts and expansions

Question 53

Recasts

Answer 53

Restating with correct forms

Question 54

Expansions

Answer 54

Taking child’s sentence and elaborating to help them learn new words, grammar, etc Not correction, advancement