Exam 3 Cancer Flashcards
Common Cancers in the US (excluding non-melanoma skin cancers)
Bladder Cancer Breast Cancer Colon and Rectal Cancer Endometrial Cancer Kidney Cancer Leukemia Lung Cancer Melanoma Non Hodgkin Lymphoma Pancreatic Cancer Prostate Cancer
Consequences of Cancer
- Reduced _____ and _____ producing function
- Altered __ structure and function
- M____ and S____ deficits
- Decreased R_____ function
- Immune, blood
- GI
- Motor, Sensory
- Respiratory
Surgery as Cancer Treatment = _____ form of cancer treatment
- Pr____, Di_____, C____
- Control, Pa____, ____ look surgery
- Rec____ or Reh____
= Oldest form of cancer treatment
- Prophylaxis, Diagnosis, Cure
- Control, Palliation, Second look
- Reconstruction, Rehabilitation
Radiation Therapy for Cancer
1) Purpose is to =
- Teletherapy =
- Brachytherapy =
1) to destroy cancer cells with minimal damaging effects of surrounding normal cells
- radiation from outside source
- radiation from inside source
SE of Radiation Therapy
1) _____ according to site
2) Local s___ changes and ____ loss: likely ____ depending on total absorbed dose
3) Altered _____ sensations
4) F_____* related to increased energy demands
5) Inflammatory responses that cause tissue ____ and ____
1) Varies
2) Skin, Hair loss, permanent
3) Taste
4) Fatigue* (most common)
5) Fibrosis, Scarring
Nursing Care of Patients Undergoing Radiation Therapy
1) _____ accurate objective ____ to help patient ____
2) ______ remove markings*
3) Administer ____ care, use ____ to protect skin according to department policy
4) Avoid direct skin exposure to _____
5) Care for ______ (dry mouth)
6) Bone exposed to radiation is more vulnerable to _____
1) Teach, facts, cope
2) Do not
3) Skin, lotions
4) sunlight
5) Xerostomia
6) fracture
Nursing Care of Patients Undergoing Radiation
1) Avoid direct skin exposure to _____
2) Care for ______ (dry mouth)
3) Bone exposed to radiation is more vulnerable to _____
1) sunlight
2) Xerostomia
3) fracture
Chemotherapy =
- _____ and ____ survival time
- some _______
- Normal cells most affected (5)
= Treatment of cancer with chemical agents (major role in cancer therapy)
- cures, increases survival time
- selectivity
- skin, hair, intestinal tissues, spermatocytes, blood-forming cells
Treatment Issues
- Dosage: based on what? usually given _____, draw ___ for peak and trough
- Scheduling
- Administration (2)
Note: More toxic chemo chemicals need =
- based on Body surface area, combination, blood
- Extravasation = leakage of certain drugs (“vesicants”) out of the vein and to surrounding tissue -> can lead to tissue necrosis
- Vesicants = solutions that cause really bad blisters
= higher trained nurses to administer
Most common nursing intervention for Extravasation is?
PREVENTION!
- close observation, patient teaching, assessing for patency, monitor for early s/s (burning, swelling, itching), use a larger vein (e.g antecubital), use a larger bore IV (less risk)
Chemotherapy
- Nurses must have _____ about ___ use, ___ ranges, __/___ effects, sch____, specific ______
- What must be used when administering oral and IV chemotherapy? why?
- knowledge about drug, dosage, side/adverse, schedule, precautions
- PPE!* , its damaging and harmful to our skin when we touch it
Nursing Care of Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy
1) _____ risk
2) CINV =
3) M______
4) A______
5) Changes in ____ function
6) Peripheral _____
7) ____ penia
1) Infection
2) Chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting
3) Mucositis = painful inflammation and ulceration of the mucous membranes lining the digestive tract, usually as an adverse effect of chemo/radiation
4) Alopecia (hair loss)
5) Cognitive (depression, altered mental status, “chemo fog”, “chemo brain”, memory lapses, trouble finding words)
6) Neuropathy
7) Thrombocytopenia
Nursing Interventions for Peripheral Neuropathy =
Nursing Interventions for Thrombocytopenia =
= use of thermometer before bath, supportive/good foot care for prevention
= low platelets -> bleeding -> soft bristled tooth brush, prevent injury
Antiemetic Therapy for CINV (don’t need to know drugs)
- Drug ____ are ____ for best effect (5)
What is given after zofran to potentiate its effects?
- Combinations, individualized
- Odansetron (Zofran)
- Granisetron (Kytril)
- Gransietron transdermal (Sancuso)
- Dolasetron (Anzemet)
- Palonosetron (Aloxi)
- dexamethasone
Hormonal Manipulation
- Some hormones make hormone sensitive tumors ?
- Some tumors require specific hormones to ____; decreasing the hormone amounts to hormone sensitive tumors can ___ cancer growth rate
- grow more rapidly
- divide; slow cancer growth
