Exam 3 Bio Flashcards
What is the process that creates haploid cells
from diploid cells, often leading to genetic
variation
Meiosis
During which phase do chromosomes
duplicate?
S phase
During which phase of meiosis does crossing
over occur
Prophase 1
During which phase do homologous
chromosomes separate and move towards
opposite poles?
Anaphase 1
If a somatic cell has 16 chromosomes, how
many chromosomes will be in a gamete
8
This term describes a variant form of
a gene
Allele
A person heterozygous for black hair has a baby
with someone with the same phenotype and
genotype. What is the likelihood of an offspring
having black hair?
75%
Which genetic phenomenon is displayed
when a dark blue flower and a white flower
produce all light blue offspring
Incomplete Dominance
This it the term to describe a trait that
displays distinct categories without
intermediate forms
Discontinues variation
Which law states that during meiosis, alleles
of one gene segregate independently from
alleles of other genes?
the Law of Independent Assortment
Name the 3 components of DNA
Deoxyribose, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
Name the 4 bases found in DNA
Thymine, Adenine, Guanine, and Cytosine
During DNA replication, this enzyme
synthesizes new strands of DNA
complementary to a template strand.
DNA polymerase
These are the monomers of DNA
Nucleotides
This enzyme is responsible for transcribing
DNA into RNA during the process of
transcription.
RNA polymerase
In the double strand of DNA, if one strand has
the nucleotide sequence AGGGTAC, what is
the complementary strand
TCCCATG
During mRNA processing, this modification involves
adding a string of adenine nucleotides to the 3’ end,
enhancing stability and facilitating export from the
nucleus
the addition of a Poly-A tail
This nitrogenous base is found in RNA but not
in DNA
Uracil
These non-coding regions of a gene are
removed during mRNA processing
introns
If the DNA template strand is T A C T G C G C A ,
what is the complementary mRNA strand
AUGACGCU
This codon is known as the start
codon and initiates translation
AUG
When this sequence is reached, a
release factors binds ending
translation
Stop codon
These three-nucleotide sequences in mRNA
specify particular amino acids during protein
synthesis.
Codons
What are the 3 RNA molecules that
participate in translation
mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA
