Exam 3

Question 1

What is theory

Answer 1

Theory is the foundation for the art of science of nursing

Group of related concepts proposing actions that guide practice

Question 2

What are the components of a theory

Answer 2

A set of concepts, definitions, relationships and assumptions or propositions derived from nursing models
Describes, explains, predicts, and/or prescribes nursing care

Question 3

What is the nursing paradigm

Answer 3

• person
• health
• environmental/situation
• nursing

Question 4

What are the types of theory

Answer 4

• grand theories
• middle range theories
• practice theories

Question 5

What is a nursing theory

Answer 5

Conceptualizes an aspect of nursing to describe, explain, predict, or prescribe nursing care.

Question 6

Further explain theory

Answer 6

It helps explain an event by defining ideas or concepts, explaining relationships among the concepts and predicting the outcomes

Question 7

What is a phenomenon

Answer 7

It is the term, description, or label given to describe an idea or responses about an event, situation, a process, a group of events or a group of situations.

Question 8

What are some examples of phenomena in nursing

Answer 8

Caring, self-care, and pt responses to stress

Question 9

What is domain

Answer 9

The perspective of a profession or discipline

Provides practical and theoretical aspects of discipline

Question 10

What is a paradigm

Answer 10

A pattern of beliefs used to describe the domains of a discipline.

Question 11

What are grand theories

Answer 11

Abstract, broad and complex.
Require further research
Does not provide guidance for specific nursing interventions
Answers the question “what is nursing?” and focus on the whole of nursing rather than on a specific type of nursing

Question 12

What is a middle-range theory

Answer 12

More limited in scope
Expand on specific concepts or phenomena in a specific field of nursing such as uncertainty, incontinence, social support, quality of life, and caring

Question 13

What are practice theories

Answer 13

AKA situation-specific theories
Bring theory to the bedside
Don’t direct specific nursing activities or produce change but help to explain pt assessments

Question 14

What are prescriptive theories

Answer 14

Address nursing interventions for a phenomenon, guide practice change, and predict the consequences

Question 15

What is a shared theory

Answer 15

Explains a phenomenon specific to the discipline that developed the theory
Ex. Piaget’s theory of cognitive development

Question 16

What is Nightingale’s Environmental Theory

Answer 16

A grand theory focused on pt’s environment which she said nurses should manipulate (ventilation, lights, decreased noice, etc.)

Question 17

Florence Nightingale is known as what

Answer 17

The founder of modern nursing

Question 18

What is Peplau’s Interpersonal Theory

Answer 18

A middle-range theory that includes interpersonal relations among a nurse, a pt, and a pt’s family and developing the nurse-patient relationship
She said that nurses help pts reduce anxiety by converting it into constructive actions

Question 19

Peplau is known as what

Answer 19

The mother of psychiatric nursing

Question 20

What is Orem’s nursing theory

Answer 20

When applying this grand theory a nurse continually assesses a pt’s ability to perform self-care and intervenes as needed to ensure that pts meet their needs.
According to Orem, people who participate in self-care activities are more likely to improve their health outcomes

Question 21

What is Leininger’s Culture Care Theory

Answer 21

Human caring varies among cultures in its expressions, processes, and patterns.
The major concept of this theory is cultural diversity and the goal of nursing care is to provide a pt with culturally specific nursing care

Question 22

What is Henderson’s Need Theory

Answer 22

Nurses assist pts with 14 activities until pts can meet these needs for themselves or they help pts have peaceful death

Question 23

What is Benner & Wrubel Theory

Answer 23

Caring is central to nursing

Question 24

What is the relationship between nursing theory and nursing research

Answer 24

Theories provide direction for nursing research

Nursing theory and nursing research build the knowledge base for nursing which is then applied to practice

Question 25

What is theory-generating research

Answer 25

This is research used to develop new theories

This this theory an investigator makes observations to view a phenomenon in a new way.

Question 26

What is theory testing research

Answer 26

This research determines how accurately a theory describes a nursing phenomenon.
Testing develops the evidence for describing or predicting pt outcomes.
Researcher has some idea as to how pts respond to phenomenon and generates research questions or hypotheses to test the assumptions of the theory.

Question 27

What is the purpose of patient education

Answer 27

To help individuals, families, or communities achieve optimal levels of health

Question 28

What does pt education include

Answer 28

Maintenance and promotion of health and illness prevention
Restoration of health
Coping with impaired functioning

Question 29

What is teaching

Answer 29

The concept of imparting knowledge through a series of directed activities

Question 30

What is learning

Answer 30

The purposeful acquisition of new knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and skills through an experience or external stimulus

Question 31

What is the role of the nurse in teaching and learning

Answer 31

Teach info that pts and families need to make informed decisions regarding their care
Determine what pts need to know
Identify when pts are ready to learn

Question 32

What does SPEAK UP stand for

Answer 32

Speak up if you have questions or concerns
Pay attention to the care you get
Educate yourself about your illness
Ask a trusted family member or friend to be your advocate
Know which medicines you take and why
Use a health care organization that has been carefully evaluated
Participate in all decisions about your treatment

Question 33

Teaching as communication

Answer 33

Closely parallels the communication process
Depends partly on effective interpersonal communication
The learning objective describes what the learner will be able to accomplish after instruction is given
Effective communication involves feedback

Question 34

What are the domains of learning

Answer 34

Cognitive
Affective
Psychomotor
Kinesthetic

Question 35

Cognitive domain

Answer 35

Includes all intellectual behaviors and requires thinking

Question 36

Affective domain

Answer 36

Deals with expression of feelings and development of attitudes, opinions, or values

Question 37

Psychomotor domain

Answer 37

Involves acquiring skills that require coordination and integration of mental and physical movements

Question 38

Kinesthetic domain

Answer 38

Involves hands on learning

Question 39

What are the basic learning principles

Answer 39

Motivation to learn
Ability to learn
Learning environment

Question 40

What is motivation to learn

Answer 40

Addresses the pt’s desire or willingness to learn

Question 41

What is ability to learn

Answer 41

Depends on physical and cognitive abilities, developmental level, physical wellness, thought processes

Question 42

What is learning environment

Answer 42

Allows a person to attend to instruction

Question 43

What is attentional set

Answer 43

The mental state that allows the learner to focus on and comprehend a learning activity

Question 44

What is motivation

Answer 44

Force that acts on or within a person to cause the person to behave in a particular way

Question 45

Requirements for learning environment

Answer 45

Well lit 
Good ventilation
Appropriate furniture 
Comfortable temp 
Quiet 
Private

Question 46

What is health literacy

Answer 46

The cognitive and social skills that determine the motivation and ability of individuals to gain access to understand and use info in ways that promote and maintain good health