Exam 3 Flashcards
What is Feekes Stages 2&3?
-Tillering Stage
What is Feekes Stage 6?
-Jointing Stage
What is Feekes Stage 10.1?
Heading Stage
What is Feekes Stage 10.5?
Anthesis/Flowering Stage
What happens at Feekes Stage 2&3?
-Tillers are developing below soil surface
What happens at Feekes Stage 6?
- The internode begins to elongate
- The 1st node is a measurable distance above the soil surface
What happens at Feekes stage 10.1?
-The seed head of the Wheat emerges
What happens at Feekes 10.5?
-The Wheat is flowering, the anthers are out
How are wheat maturities measured? What also slightly affects this?
- By the heading dates
- Slightly affected by planting date
What is the issue with wheat planted too early?
-Is suseptible to late winter/early spring freezes
What is the issue with wheat planted too late?
-Is suseptible to high temperature stress in early summer
What is the problem with overseeding wheat?
-It becomes more suseptible to lodging
What is the problem with underseeding wheat?
-It lowers the yield potential
In the experiment from class, what was the results of continuous wheat?
-Conventional till continuous wheat yielded slightly better than the no-till
In the experiment from class, what was the results of corn/wheat rotation?
-Corn yielded significantly higher under no-till while wheat yielded slightly lower
In the experiment from class, what was the results of soybean/wheat rotation?
-Soybeans yielded higher under no-till while wheat yielded slightly lower.
How did the soil that was under no-till benefit compared to the conventional tilled soil?
-It had significantly better hydraulic conductivity and greater mesopores.
What are the recommended wheat planting dates?
What is this close to?
- 1 week before to 1 week after the average 1st frost date.
- Close to old “Hessian Fly-Safe Dates”
What are the recommended seeding rates for no-till and conventional till wheat?
- 40 seeds per sq. ft. [no-till]
- 35 seeds per sq. ft. [conv. till]
What is the recommended seeding depth range for wheat?
-3/4” to 1 and 1/4”
What is the recommended row widths for conv. till and no-till wheat?
- 4” [conv. till]
- 7” [no-till]
What are tramlines?
-Skips in the planting area of wheat for equipment to drive in after the wheat starts to elongate.
What is the idea pH of wheat?
6.4
How is N recommended to be applied for wheat?
-In 3 applications:
>once in the fall(DAP usually covers this)
>topdress in split app in feb. and march
What are recommended amounts of N to be topdressed onto wheat?
- 80-110lbs/Ac [conv. till]
- 100-120lbs/Ac [no-till]
What is the legal test weight of wheat and at what moisture percentage is this?
-60lbs/Bu at 13.5% moisture
What does test weight reflect in wheat?
Quality
(T/F) You must manage wheat completely and perform all necessary “steps” to profit. Failure to do any of the 3 steps will result in profit loss, not gain.
True
In the tobacco variety name “KTD6LC”, what do the following portions stand for?
- KT?
- D?
- 6?
- LC?
- Kentucky Tennessee (location variety was developed)
- Dark (type of variety)
- 2006 (year of release)
- Low Converter (Approval of low converter requirement)
What height are tobacco plants restricted to in plant beds?
4-5” tall
How long are tobacco plants kept in plant beds?
8 weeks
How many plants per acre are set when planting tobacco?
5,000
What is the row spacing of tobacco?
40” rows
What is the interow plant spacing of tobacco?
32” between plants
What are tobacco plants topped?
To remove the terminal bud thus directing plant resources from seed development to leaf development
What is the desired number of leaves per plant for Burley and Dark Tobacco?
Burley: 18-26 leaves
Dark: 16 leaves
How long are tobacco plants “fired”?
5-10 days each for 2 to 4 times
What program in 2004 lifted a lot of restrictions off of tobacco growers?
Tobacco buyout program
What are the 2 types of tobacco?
- Burley
- Dark Fired
What are the 4 types of Dark Tobacco?
- Western fire cured
- Eastern fire cured
- green river air cured
- one sucker air cured
What was the old favorited variety of dark tobacco because of its yield and quality?
What was the one flaw of this variety?
- Narrowleaf Madole
- Has poor disease resistance
What is the new favorite variety of dark tobacco?
What is significant about this variety compared to Narrowleaf madole?
KTD17LC
-Is resistant to black shank and black root rot
What does LC mean in tobacco?
Is a low converter which means the variety has less chance to convert nicotine to nornicotine.
What does nornicotine do that is bad and what does it form that is bad?
It can react with nitrite to form TSNA’s (Tobacco specific nitrosamines) which are carcinogenic.
What does tobacco roots have a poor tolerance for?
Why?
Poor drainage
Because they must have oxygen to respirate to allow water inside.
Is tobacco a perennial or annual?
Perennial
How is tobacco treated here in terms of growing season?
Grown as an annual
Most burley varieties of tobacco now have a ____to_______ level of resistance to black root rot disease.
medium to high
What nutrient does burley varieties need more of when pH is below 6.6?
Molybdenum
How many pounds of N should be applied to tobacco in the field/
150-300lbs
What is recomennded pH of tobacco when black root rot is present in field of burley? dark/
between 5.5 and 5.8 in burley
between 5.6 and 6.0 in dark
What were the 3 types of sucker control?
- Contact control agents
- Local systemic control agents
- Systemic control agents
Where must local systemic control agents be applied? What type of tobacco are these commonly used in?
- directly to auxillary buds
- common in dark tobacco
Where must contact control agents be applied?
What type of tobacco are these commonly used in?
- directly to auxillary buds
- common in dark tobacco
Where must systemic control agents be applied?
What type of tobacco are these commonly used in?
- over the top of the plant in large droplets
- common in burley tobacco
What is the rate that narrowleaf madole gains lbs after topping?
120lbs per acre up to 9 weeks after topping.
What are the 3 grades of tobacco leaves?
- lugs
- seconds
- leaf
(T/F) It is okay to use 0-0-60 on tobacco.
False
What are the modifications needed on a tobacco setter to set no-till tobacco?
- Wavy or fluted coulter
- subsoil tillage shank
- modified press wheels
Most glyphosate formulations have statement on the label that requires a ____ day waiting period before planting crops not specifically listed on the label.
more than 30 days
________ are not desirable in rotation with tobacco due to the possibility of black root rot problems.
legumes
How can ripeness of tobacco be determined?
By doubling leaves between fingers and seeing if the leaves crack or not.
