Exam 3 Flashcards
Compare the molecules that CR1 complement receptors and CR2 receptors bind to.
CR1 binds to C3b
CR2 binds to C3d
____is responsible for activation of IgAlpha/IgBeta and Syk Kinase.
Activation of PLCgamma ultimately results in production of _____ and ____
Activation of Ras/Rac ultimately results in production of ___
Blk
NFKappa B and NFAT
AP-1
True or False:
T cells are needed to help B cells become short lived plasma cells. explain.
True
For IL-15 state what type of cells it stimulates to develop in the thymus.
State what type of cells it maintains
State the type of cell and the type of proliferation it stimulates
IL15
Development of NK cells in the thymus
Maintains Memory lymphocytes
Stimulates a “suboptimal” T cell proliferation (bc it’s receptor shares a common gamma chain with IL-12)
What does IL 23 do? (2 things)
IL-23: activates Th17 and is proinflammatory
Th17 cells secrete what 2 cytokines in “Ratios”?
State what these 2 cytokines cause.
IL-17: Inflammation
IL-22: Controls homeostasis
(the ratio of these 2 determines the level, if any is present, of inflammation)
What does TGFB do? (2 things)
TGFB:
Inhibition of T cell activation and
Differentiation of Treg cells
CD25 is a marker for what cell type?
Treg cells
What cell is CD28 found on and what is it’s function?
Found on T cells
serves as “signal 2” in the 3 steps of T cell activation
CD56 is a marker for which cell type?
NKT cells
CD1d molecules are found on what cell type and what is their function?
Found on APC’s and presents “Glycolipid Ags” to NKT cells
this causes NKT cells to release cytokines and express CD40L which activates the APC and other surrounding cells
Compare direct and indirect activation of NKT cells
Direct Activation Pathway: iNKT cells recognize lipid-CD1d on the surface of a tumor cell and directly mediates the killing of the tumor cell (via release of IFNgamma that helps resident NK cells destroy the tumor)
Indirect Activation Pathway: iNKT cells recognize CD1d on the surface of TAMs(tumor associated macrophages) and the iNKT cell mediates the killing of the immunosuppressive TAM cells
What is the function of CD44? what cell type expresses high levels of this?
CD44: mobilizes effector T cells by mediating “rolling” interactions
Expressed in high levels in Memory T cells
State the effect that IFNgamma has on Macrophages and B cells respectively.
Classical activation of Macrophages
Promotes B cell isotype switching from IgM to IgG
What effect does the combination of IL-13 and IL-14 have on macrophages?
activates them via the “alternative” method
What type of T cells secrete IFNgamma, IL-13 and IL-14?
Th1 cells
Compare the cells these are found on and what their function is
CD1d:
CD1c:
CD1d: molecules on APCs that present “lipids” to NKT cells
CD1c: molecules on APCs that present “DAMPs/PAMPs” to Nontraditional GammaDelta T cells
What does CCL2 cause? give another name for this as well.
CCL2: (aka MCP-1) causes mixed leukocyte recruitment
What does CCL5 cause? give another name for this as well.
CCL5: (aka RANTES) causes mixed leukocyte recruitment
What does CCL19 cause? Give another name for this as well
CCL19: (aka MIP-3Beta) causes T cell and DC migration into the parafollicular zones of the LN
What does CCL21 cause? give another name for this as well.
CCL21: (aka SLC) causes T cell and DC migration into the parafollicular zones of the LN
What does CXCL8 cause? give another name for this as well.
CXCL8: (aka IL-8) causes neutrophil recruitment
What does CXCL10 cause? give another name for this as well.
CXCL10: (aka IP-10) causes Effector T cell recruitment
What does CXCL12 cause? give another name for this as well.
CXCL12: (aka SDF-1alphabeta) Homing naive B cells to LN’s
What does CXCL13 cause? give another name for this as well.
CXCL13: (aka BCA-1) B cell and Follicular Helper T cell migration into follicles
CD18 is an essential component for what? Deficiency in this causes what disease?
Integrins (such as LFA-1, CR3, and CR4)
CD18 deficiency causes LAD (leukocyte adhesion deficiency) where WBCs are produced by cannot leave the bloodstream to find the infection site
(build up in the blood with no outlet)
True or False:
MBL is synthesized by hepatocytes and induced by elevated levels of IL-9. explain.
False
MBL is synthesized by hepatocytes and induced by elevated levels of IL-6
(NOT IL-9)
State the term that the following describes
antimicrobial peptides produced by neutrophils to cause direct toxicity to microbes
Cathelicidins
HLA-DR and HLA-DQ represent 2 gene products of which class of MHC?
MHC class II (so they will present to CD4 helper T cells)
State what the following PRRs detect
TLR1: TLR2: TLR3: TLR4: TLR5: TLR7: TLR8: TLR9:
TLR1: Bacterial Lipopeptides TLR2: Zymosan / Peptidoglycan / PG TLR3: ds Viral RNA TLR4: LPS TLR5: Bacterial Flagellin TLR7: ss RNA TLR8: ss RNA TLR9: Cpg DNA
What bacteria type contains peptidoglycans? What about LPS? What 2 complement pathways do peptidoglycans and LPS activate?
Peptidoglycans are found on gram positive cells
LPS is found on gram negative cells
they stimulate the Classical and Alternative complement pathways.
