Exam 3 Flashcards
1
Q
Chiswick House
A
London, England Lord Burlington (Richard Boyle) and William Kent 1725-1729
2
Q
What Renaissance building inspired Lord Burlington when he designed Chiswick House?
A
Palladio’s Villa Rotunda
3
Q
What was the main building of Chiswick House used for?
A
Entertainment and art display
4
Q
Holkham Hall
A
Norfolk
William Kent
1734
5
Q
(Holkham Hall) Who was this house built for?
A
Thomas Cole, 1st Earl of Leicester
6
Q
(Holkham Hall) How does this great house manage to survive in the 21st century?
A
Can be rented for events
7
Q
Strawberry Hill
A
Twickenham, England
Horace Walpole
begun 1748
8
Q
(Strawberry Hill) What style(s) of architecture were used?
A
Horace Walpole
-Georgian Gothic Revival
9
Q
Saline Royale (Royal Saltworks)
A
Chaux, France
Claude-Nicholas Ledoux
1775-1779
10
Q
(Saline Royale) What is the purpose of this complex and what are some of the buildings found here?
A
Salt extraction
- Director’s Pavilion
- 2 workshops
- 4 residence halls
- gatehouse
11
Q
(Saline Royale) What are the characteristics of the gatehouse and what purpose do they serve?
A
- portico: imposing entrance
- grotto: symbolic form and only way in and out
12
Q
(Saline Royale) What was the Director’s pavilion used for?
A
- church for workers
- offices
- covered walkway through building to connect the factories on either side
13
Q
(Saline Royale) Who was it built for?
A
Louis XV
14
Q
Courtyard House
A
Beijing, China
15th century
15
Q
jian
A
module
16
Q
*(Courtyard House) Where would you expect to find a courtyard house, in the city or the countryside? Who would live in one?
A
[Lecture, Buildings Across Time, pp. 90-92, fig. 4.17]
17
Q
Forbidden City and Hall of Supreme Harmony
A
Beijing, China
15th century
18
Q
*What kind of complex is the Forbidden City?
A
[Lecture, Buildings Across Time, pp. 88-92, figs. 4.13-4.15]
19
Q
What are some of the buildings found inside the Forbidden City?
A
- administrative buildings (Hall of Supreme Harmony, Middle Harmony, Preserving Harmony)
- imperial residences (Hall of Heavenly Purity, Earthly Tranquility)
- garden
20
Q
What was Hall of Supreme Harmony used for?
A
throne room
21
Q
Temple of Heaven
A
Beijing, China
1420, restored in 1530 and 1757
22
Q
Describe the plan and identify main buildings in the Temple of Heaven complex.
A
- circular mound with alter
- Imperial Vault of Heaven
- Hall for Prayer for a Prosperous New Year
23
Q
(Temple of Heaven) What was the purpose of this complex?
A
place for the emperor to carry out rituals during the winter solstice
24
Q
Yoshimura House
A
near Osaka, Japan
ca. 1620
25
tokonoma
alcove for displaying art
26
shoji
screens with paper panels
27
fusuma
sliding screens
28
minka
rural houses
29
tatami
rice-straw mats
30
(Yoshimura House) Where would you expect to find a minka, in the city or the countryside? Who would live in one?
rural house
| -general supervisors of the region
31
(Yoshimura House) What are some of the materials and techniques used to build a minka?
- wooden beams
| - roof of tiles and thatch
32
Himeji Castle
Hyogo Prefecture near Osaka, Japan
Remodeled by Ikeda Terumasa
1609
33
What are some of the functions of a castle in Japan at this time?
-symbol of military power and political authority
34
Katsura Imperial Villa and Tea Houses
Kyoto, Japan
Hachijo no Miya Tomohito
ca. 1616-1660
35
Shoin style
(‘book-hall’ or ‘study’) style of architecture
- Deliberately rustic
- Beautifully decorated interior
- Wooden post and lintel design
36
(Katsura Imperial Villa) What is its purpose?
seasonal retreat for a branch of the imperial family
37
What are the most important design characteristics of a Japanese tea house?
- isolated from other buildings
- rustic building materials (looks like a farmer’s cottage)
- entrance through low “crawl” door
- alcove for preparing tea
38
Neues Wache
Berlin, Prussia (Germany)
Karl Friedrich Schinkel
1817-1818
39
(Neues Wache) Why did Schinkel use the Classical orders in his buildings?
he believed that the Classical orders were the ideal symbolic language
40
How was Schinkel’s design of the Neue Wache, especially its façade, suited to its original purpose?
Royal Guard House
- corners designed to resemble Roman towers
- sculptures representing ideas connected to warfare
41
(Neues Wache) What is the function of this building today? How does the sculpture inside reflect this function?
memorial to all victims of war and dictatorship
| -"Mother with her Dead Son"
42
Altes Museum
Berlin, Prussia (Germany)
Karl Friedrich Schinkel
1823-1828
43
Who commissioned Schinkel to build the Altes Museum?
Friedrich Wilhelm III
44
(Altes Museum) What type of building is this and why is this historically significant?
first public art museum in Europe
45
University of Virginia
Charlottesville, Virginia
Thomas Jefferson
1817-1826
46
(University of Virginia) What are some of the types of buildings that Jefferson included in his design for the campus?
- library
- dormitories (students and faculty)
- classrooms
47
What role did the École des Beaux-Arts and the École Centrale des Arts et Manufactures play in 19th century architectural design in France and elsewhere? Who are some of their famous graduates?
New schools of thought with new ways of planning and designing buildings
- Bleriot
- Eifel
- Michelin
- Peugeot
48
Great Exhibition Hall or ‘Crystal Palace’
London, England
Joseph Paxton
1851
49
What was Paxton’s training and background?
no formal training
50
*What was the purpose of the ‘Crystal Palace’ and how did Paxton earn the commission?
[Lecture, Buildings Across Time, pp. 414-415.]
51
What are some of the innovations in material and construction methods introduced by Paxton’s ‘Crystal Palace’?
- plate glass
| - iron frame assembled on the ground then raised into position
52
(Crystal Palace) What happened to this building after the Great Exhibition had closed?
it was taken apart and moved to a new location
53
Eiffel Tower
Paris, France
Gustave Eiffel
1889
54
Describe Gustave Eiffel’s area of training (where did he go to school) and technical expertise.
trained at École Central des Arts et Manufactures
55
What types of structures did Eiffel build, what materials did he use, and what are some of his greatest innovations?
bridges and aqueducts of iron
56
What was the original purpose of the ‘Eiffel Tower’?
'a new world wonder'
57
(Eiffel Tower) How long did it take to build and what materials and processes contributed to its rapid construction?
26th months
| -iron pieces were constructed off site and brought in
58
L’Opéra (Opera House)
Paris, France
Jean-Louis-Charles Garnier
1861-1875
59
Where was Garnier trained as an architect?
Beaux-Arts
60
(Paris Opera House) What older style of architecture does the exterior imitate, and what are some details that prove this?
Baroque
61
(Paris Opera House) What style is used to decorate the interior? How would you describe its appearance?
Second Empire
62
St. Patrick’s Cathedral
New York, NY
James Renwick. Jr.
1858-1879
63
(St. Patrick’s Cathedral) What style of architecture did Renwick use for this church?
Gothic Revival
64
Church of the Sagrada Familia
Barcelona, Spain
Antoni Gaudi
begun 1882
65
How does the plan and decoration of the Church of the Sagrada Familia reflect medieval churches?
Latin cross
66
(Church of the Sagrada Familia) What older and contemporary styles did Gaudí combine to create the style he called Catalan Modernisme?
Gothic architecture and Art Nouveau
67
Menier Factory, Turbine Building
Noisel-sur-Seine, France
Jules Saulnier
1871-1872
68
(Menier Factory) What materials are used to provide exterior decoration and how does this tell us about its original purpose?
features cocoa plants, representing the production of chocolate
69
(Menier Factory) What purpose does this factory complex serve today?
Hersey's French HQ
70
E. V. Haughwout Department Store
New York, NY
Daniel Badger, John P Gaynor
1856-1857
71
(Haughwout Department Store) What did Elisha Otis invent and install in this building?
Electric elevator
72
Reliance Building
Chicago, IL
Daniel Burnham, John Root, and Charles B. Atwood
1894-1895
73
(Reliance Building) What was the original purpose of this building? What is it today?
was an office building, now a hotel
74
Auditorium Building
Chicago, IL
Dankmar Adler and Louis Sullivan
1886-1890
75
(Auditorium Building) What sorts of activities took place here?
- theater
- office buildings
- hotel
76
Wainwright Building
St. Louis, MO
Dankmar Adler and Louis Sullivan
1890-1891
77
(Wainwright Building) What are the main three parts of the elevation and what purpose did each serve?
- ground floor: business space
- middle: offices
- top: mechanical space
78
What other cities competed to host the World’s Columbian Exposition?
- Washington DC
| - New York
79
*Who designed the landscape of the World’s Columbian Exposition? Who was the consulting architect, president and secretary of the Board of Architects?
.
80
*Who was selected to design the Women’s Building? Why was this controversial?
.
81
*How big is the Manufacturers and Liberal Arts Building and what other structures can fit inside?
.
82
*How many people visited the Columbian Exposition (biggest daily total, overall total)?
.
83
Fine Arts Building, World’s Columbian Exposition
Chicago, IL
Charles Atwood
1893
84
*(Fine Arts Building) What was the original purpose of this building? What happened to it after the Columbian Exposition?
.
