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ARCH 250 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Chiswick House

A 
London, England
Lord Burlington (Richard Boyle) and William Kent
1725-1729
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2
Q

What Renaissance building inspired Lord Burlington when he designed Chiswick House?

A

Palladio’s Villa Rotunda

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3
Q

What was the main building of Chiswick House used for?

A

Entertainment and art display

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4
Q

Holkham Hall

A

Norfolk
William Kent
1734

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5
Q

(Holkham Hall) Who was this house built for?

A

Thomas Cole, 1st Earl of Leicester

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6
Q

(Holkham Hall) How does this great house manage to survive in the 21st century?

A

Can be rented for events

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7
Q

Strawberry Hill

A

Twickenham, England
Horace Walpole
begun 1748

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8
Q

(Strawberry Hill) What style(s) of architecture were used?

A

Horace Walpole

-Georgian Gothic Revival

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9
Q

Saline Royale (Royal Saltworks)

A

Chaux, France
Claude-Nicholas Ledoux
1775-1779

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10
Q

(Saline Royale) What is the purpose of this complex and what are some of the buildings found here?

A

Salt extraction

  • Director’s Pavilion
  • 2 workshops
  • 4 residence halls
  • gatehouse
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11
Q

(Saline Royale) What are the characteristics of the gatehouse and what purpose do they serve?

A
  • portico: imposing entrance

- grotto: symbolic form and only way in and out

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12
Q

(Saline Royale) What was the Director’s pavilion used for?

A
  • church for workers
  • offices
  • covered walkway through building to connect the factories on either side
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13
Q

(Saline Royale) Who was it built for?

A

Louis XV

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14
Q

Courtyard House

A

Beijing, China

15th century

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15
Q

jian

A

module

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16
Q

*(Courtyard House) Where would you expect to find a courtyard house, in the city or the countryside? Who would live in one?

A

[Lecture, Buildings Across Time, pp. 90-92, fig. 4.17]

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17
Q

Forbidden City and Hall of Supreme Harmony

A

Beijing, China

15th century

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18
Q

*What kind of complex is the Forbidden City?

A

[Lecture, Buildings Across Time, pp. 88-92, figs. 4.13-4.15]

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19
Q

What are some of the buildings found inside the Forbidden City?

A
  • administrative buildings (Hall of Supreme Harmony, Middle Harmony, Preserving Harmony)
  • imperial residences (Hall of Heavenly Purity, Earthly Tranquility)
  • garden
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20
Q

What was Hall of Supreme Harmony used for?

A

throne room

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21
Q

Temple of Heaven

A

Beijing, China

1420, restored in 1530 and 1757

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22
Q

Describe the plan and identify main buildings in the Temple of Heaven complex.

A
  • circular mound with alter
  • Imperial Vault of Heaven
  • Hall for Prayer for a Prosperous New Year
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23
Q

(Temple of Heaven) What was the purpose of this complex?

A

place for the emperor to carry out rituals during the winter solstice

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24
Q

Yoshimura House

A

near Osaka, Japan

ca. 1620

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25
Q

tokonoma

A

alcove for displaying art

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26
Q

shoji

A

screens with paper panels

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27
Q

fusuma

A

sliding screens

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28
Q

minka

A

rural houses

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29
Q

tatami

A

rice-straw mats

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30
Q

(Yoshimura House) Where would you expect to find a minka, in the city or the countryside? Who would live in one?

A

rural house

-general supervisors of the region

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31
Q

(Yoshimura House) What are some of the materials and techniques used to build a minka?

A
  • wooden beams

- roof of tiles and thatch

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32
Q

Himeji Castle

A

Hyogo Prefecture near Osaka, Japan
Remodeled by Ikeda Terumasa
1609

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33
Q

What are some of the functions of a castle in Japan at this time?

A

-symbol of military power and political authority

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34
Q

Katsura Imperial Villa and Tea Houses

A

Kyoto, Japan
Hachijo no Miya Tomohito
ca. 1616-1660

35
Q

Shoin style

A

(‘book-hall’ or ‘study’) style of architecture

  • Deliberately rustic
  • Beautifully decorated interior
  • Wooden post and lintel design
36
Q

(Katsura Imperial Villa) What is its purpose?

A

seasonal retreat for a branch of the imperial family

37
Q

What are the most important design characteristics of a Japanese tea house?

A
  • isolated from other buildings
  • rustic building materials (looks like a farmer’s cottage)
  • entrance through low “crawl” door
  • alcove for preparing tea
38
Q

Neues Wache

A

Berlin, Prussia (Germany)
Karl Friedrich Schinkel
1817-1818

39
Q

(Neues Wache) Why did Schinkel use the Classical orders in his buildings?

A

he believed that the Classical orders were the ideal symbolic language

40
Q

How was Schinkel’s design of the Neue Wache, especially its façade, suited to its original purpose?

A

Royal Guard House

  • corners designed to resemble Roman towers
  • sculptures representing ideas connected to warfare
41
Q

(Neues Wache) What is the function of this building today? How does the sculpture inside reflect this function?

A

memorial to all victims of war and dictatorship

-“Mother with her Dead Son”

42
Q

Altes Museum

A

Berlin, Prussia (Germany)
Karl Friedrich Schinkel
1823-1828

43
Q

Who commissioned Schinkel to build the Altes Museum?

A

Friedrich Wilhelm III

44
Q

(Altes Museum) What type of building is this and why is this historically significant?

A

first public art museum in Europe

45
Q

University of Virginia

A

Charlottesville, Virginia
Thomas Jefferson
1817-1826

46
Q

(University of Virginia) What are some of the types of buildings that Jefferson included in his design for the campus?

A
  • library
  • dormitories (students and faculty)
  • classrooms
47
Q

What role did the École des Beaux-Arts and the École Centrale des Arts et Manufactures play in 19th century architectural design in France and elsewhere? Who are some of their famous graduates?

A

New schools of thought with new ways of planning and designing buildings

  • Bleriot
  • Eifel
  • Michelin
  • Peugeot
48
Q

Great Exhibition Hall or ‘Crystal Palace’

A

London, England
Joseph Paxton
1851

49
Q

What was Paxton’s training and background?

A

no formal training

50
Q

*What was the purpose of the ‘Crystal Palace’ and how did Paxton earn the commission?

A

[Lecture, Buildings Across Time, pp. 414-415.]

51
Q

What are some of the innovations in material and construction methods introduced by Paxton’s ‘Crystal Palace’?

A
  • plate glass

- iron frame assembled on the ground then raised into position

52
Q

(Crystal Palace) What happened to this building after the Great Exhibition had closed?

A

it was taken apart and moved to a new location

53
Q

Eiffel Tower

A

Paris, France
Gustave Eiffel
1889

54
Q

Describe Gustave Eiffel’s area of training (where did he go to school) and technical expertise.

A

trained at École Central des Arts et Manufactures

55
Q

What types of structures did Eiffel build, what materials did he use, and what are some of his greatest innovations?

A

bridges and aqueducts of iron

56
Q

What was the original purpose of the ‘Eiffel Tower’?

A

‘a new world wonder’

57
Q

(Eiffel Tower) How long did it take to build and what materials and processes contributed to its rapid construction?

A

26th months

-iron pieces were constructed off site and brought in

58
Q

L’Opéra (Opera House)

A

Paris, France
Jean-Louis-Charles Garnier
1861-1875

59
Q

Where was Garnier trained as an architect?

A

Beaux-Arts

60
Q

(Paris Opera House) What older style of architecture does the exterior imitate, and what are some details that prove this?

61
Q

(Paris Opera House) What style is used to decorate the interior? How would you describe its appearance?

A

Second Empire

62
Q

St. Patrick’s Cathedral

A

New York, NY
James Renwick. Jr.
1858-1879

63
Q

(St. Patrick’s Cathedral) What style of architecture did Renwick use for this church?

A

Gothic Revival

64
Q

Church of the Sagrada Familia

A

Barcelona, Spain
Antoni Gaudi
begun 1882

65
Q

How does the plan and decoration of the Church of the Sagrada Familia reflect medieval churches?

A

Latin cross

66
Q

(Church of the Sagrada Familia) What older and contemporary styles did Gaudí combine to create the style he called Catalan Modernisme?

A

Gothic architecture and Art Nouveau

67
Q

Menier Factory, Turbine Building

A

Noisel-sur-Seine, France
Jules Saulnier
1871-1872

68
Q

(Menier Factory) What materials are used to provide exterior decoration and how does this tell us about its original purpose?

A

features cocoa plants, representing the production of chocolate

69
Q

(Menier Factory) What purpose does this factory complex serve today?

A

Hersey’s French HQ

70
Q

E. V. Haughwout Department Store

A

New York, NY
Daniel Badger, John P Gaynor
1856-1857

71
Q

(Haughwout Department Store) What did Elisha Otis invent and install in this building?

A

Electric elevator

72
Q

Reliance Building

A

Chicago, IL
Daniel Burnham, John Root, and Charles B. Atwood
1894-1895

73
Q

(Reliance Building) What was the original purpose of this building? What is it today?

A

was an office building, now a hotel

74
Q

Auditorium Building

A

Chicago, IL
Dankmar Adler and Louis Sullivan
1886-1890

75
Q

(Auditorium Building) What sorts of activities took place here?

A
  • theater
  • office buildings
  • hotel
76
Q

Wainwright Building

A

St. Louis, MO
Dankmar Adler and Louis Sullivan
1890-1891

77
Q

(Wainwright Building) What are the main three parts of the elevation and what purpose did each serve?

A
  • ground floor: business space
  • middle: offices
  • top: mechanical space
78
Q

What other cities competed to host the World’s Columbian Exposition?

A
  • Washington DC

- New York

79
Q

*Who designed the landscape of the World’s Columbian Exposition? Who was the consulting architect, president and secretary of the Board of Architects?

80
Q

*Who was selected to design the Women’s Building? Why was this controversial?

81
Q

*How big is the Manufacturers and Liberal Arts Building and what other structures can fit inside?

82
Q

*How many people visited the Columbian Exposition (biggest daily total, overall total)?

83
Q

Fine Arts Building, World’s Columbian Exposition

A

Chicago, IL
Charles Atwood
1893

84
Q

*(Fine Arts Building) What was the original purpose of this building? What happened to it after the Columbian Exposition?

ARCH 250 (6 decks)

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