exam 3 Flashcards
The process of frequent small changes in public policy is known as
incrementalism.
T/F Changes in the rules and regulations used to guide the implementation of a policy are modified policies.
true
The role of the executive branch in policy modification is primarily
oversight and management of implementation.
T/F Contemporary health polices are often amendments of previously enacted public laws.
true
T/F Health policymaking in the United States primarily consists of the introduction of new policies, with relatively fewer instances of policy modification.
false
T/F In the United States, most public policies are modifications of previously established policies, and most modifications result in substantial changes.
true
T/F The Senate Appropriations Committee writes the legislation that allocates federal funds to the numerous government agencies, departments, and organizations on an annual basis.
true
Supporting research to improve the quality of health care, reduce its costs, and broaden access to services is the duty of the
Agency for Health Care Research and Quality.
Oversight responsibilities in implementing environmental protection policies, and occupational health and safety laws, is usually handled by the
federal courts.
T/F By law, policies related to the federal budget and the reduction of deficits may not modify other policies.
true
Retrospective evaluation to assess whether the objectives of a policy are being met and to what degree is known as
Ex-post Policy evaluation.
Cost-effectiveness analysis determines
which of several policy alternatives will achieve the desired objectives in the least costly way.
The principal limitation of policy demonstration projects is that they
cannot prove a causative link between the policy and desired outcome.
In a cost-benefit analysis, the basic question is
are the benefits of a policy worth the costs of the policy.
T/F Changes in the rules and regulations used to guide the implementation of a policy are modified policies.
true
Which type of comparison involves assessing the consequences of a policy as compared to situations in which the policy does not exist?
with-and-without
Which type of comparison involves comparing conditions or situations before a policy is implemented?
before-and-after
Which of the following is used mainly during agenda setting to help clarify problems and assess potential solutions to those problems?
Ex-ante Policy analysis
Policies can NOT be modified at which of the following points in the policymaking process?
Policies can be modified at all of these points
__________compares the goals of a policy with the real results obtained after implementation of the policy.
Actual-verses-planned performance comparison
T/F In any work setting, competence means a cluster of related abilities, commitments, knowledge, and skills that enable a person or an organization to act effectively in a job or situation.
true
Which perspective of justice holds that everyone should have equal access to the benefits and burdens arising from the pursuit of health, and that fairness requires recognition of different levels of need?
Egalitarian perspective
Which of these are reasons for health professionals to possess policy competence?
It can lead to higher incomes.
It can further their work in improving human health.
It can lead to more or less professional autonomy.
Which of the following statements about policymaking is false?
Policymaking is continual and exclusively linear in its operation.
Which ethical principles are defined as “seeking to do good” and “doing no harm”?
Beneficence and nonmaleficence
Policy should seek to minimize harm to society as a whole. This is an example of which ethical principle?
Nonmaleficence.
T/F The single most important factor in policy competence is to understand the public policymaking process as a decision-making process.
True
T/F The utilitarian perspective of justice can be explained as policies that provide “the greatest good for the greatest number” of people.
true
Which type of social power is drawn from an individual or group’s relative position in the larger society?
Positional social power
Campaign contributions and political support for a policymaker provided by an organization are examples of
reward-based
Tracking an issue and using the information collected to predict future changes is known as
Trend extrapolation.
T/F Rulemaking is the domain of executive branch employees and not a good place for health professionals to exert influence in the policymaking process.
false
Which of the following is NOT a useful forecasting technique for projecting the future direction of important public policy information?
Cost–benefit analysis
Most health service provider interest groups favor legislation to
increase the demand for their services.
increase revenues.
limit competitors.
lower operating costs.
