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BMB 401 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what does the brightness correlate to in gel electrophoresis

A

the number of base pairs

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2
Q

how are samples organized in gel electrophoresis

A

by size

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3
Q

how does the chain terminator method of sequencing work

A

is requires a, DNA polymerase, single primer, dNTPs and ddNTPs (labeled with fluorescent dye)

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4
Q

explain the process of pyrosequencing

A

ATP sulfurase converts the PPi released by the addition of a nucleotide from DNA polymerase into ATP and this particular type of ATP triggers luciferase to convert to oxyluciferin which generates visible light in amounts proportional to the amount of ATP. The hight of each peak detected by the CCD equals the number of nucleotides then apyrase unicorporated dNTPs phosphates to be reincorporated into the cycle

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5
Q

Explain everything needed for PCR

A

forward and reverse primers, DNA polymerase, and dNTPs

-primers identify what will amplified

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6
Q

Where are PCR primers designed to to bind?

A

outside of the short tandem sequence repeats

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7
Q

Describe the composition of fatty acids

A

carboxylic acids 4-36 carbons, carbon chain that is unbranched can vary in length and saturation

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8
Q

for fatty acids what does n-x mean?

A

“n-x” is for unsaturated fatty acids, it indicates the position of the last double bond. N=number of carbons, X= position of the last double-bonded C atom from the terminal methyl end

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9
Q

ratio for myristic acid

A

14:0

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10
Q

ratio for palmitic acid

A

16:0

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11
Q

ratio for stearic acid

A

18:0

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12
Q

Arachidonic acid ratio

A

20:4n-6

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13
Q

describe what makes a melting point lower

A
  • removing a carbon
  • unsaturating (removing a double bond)
  • cis unsaturating (kink makes it disordered)
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14
Q 
match the following by how they behave: 
Cis
Trans
Unsaturated
Saturated
A

Cis - Unsaturated

Trans - Saturated

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15
Q

what are backbone molecules

A

they are usually linked to fatty acids, glycerol and sphingosine to form triglycerides and membrane membranes

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16
Q

explain the composition of a glycerol backbone

A

has 2-3 postions to conjugate with alkyl chains or heads

found in storage and membrane lipids

17
Q

sphingosine backbone composition

A

only 2 spots for a head or alkyl chain found only in membrane lipis

18
Q

structure of glycerol

A

also known as glycero
3 carbons with an OH on each carbon
head would be placed on the third OH

19
Q

structure of sphingosine

A 
also known as sphingo
18-carbon amino alcohol with unsaturated hydrocarbon chain
-head goes on OH 3
-fatty acid chain goes on position 2 
nothing goes on position 1
20
Q

list what type of backbone the head is linked to:

triacyl

A

triacyl-glycerol
no head group - storage lipid
off of the glycerol OH’s it’s C=O and fatty chain attached to the same C
- less oxidized than carbohydrates = more energy per unit mass through complete oxidation
-anhydrous

21
Q

list what type of backbone the head is linked to: phospho

A

both!
glycero-phospholipids
phospho-sphingolipids
membrane

22
Q

list what type of backbone the head is linked to: list what type of backbone the head is linked to: glyco

A

glyco-sphinglipids

23
Q

list what type of backbone the head is linked to: list what type of backbone the head is linked to: galacto

A

galactolipids- glycerolipid

24
Q

describe ethanolamine

A

a glycerophospholipid

off of PO4-CH2CH2NH3

25
Q

describe Choline

A

a glycherophospholipid CH2CH2N(CH3)3

26
Q

describe Serine

A

a glycerophospholipid

CH2CH(NH3)COO

27
Q

describe myo-inositol

A

a ribose like structure with an Alcohol off of a carbon

28
Q

what is ceramide

A

the structural parent to the sphingolipids - a sphingosine backbone with a fatty acid attached to the NH2 on C-2

BMB 401 (1 decks)

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