Exam 3 Flashcards
what effect does exercise have on oxytocin
none
steroid hormones are derived from________
cholesterol (lipid nature)
which hormones can pass across plasma membrane
steroid
which 2 organs produce steroid hormones
adrenal gland and gonads
steroid hormones bind to receptors where?
inside the cell
non steroid hormones are _________ based
amino acid
non steroid hormones are ________soluble
water
which hormones can be transported in the blood well
non steroid
which hormones need a carrier molecule
steroid
where are the receptors for non steroid hormones
outside the cell
which hormones need a secondary messenger
non steroid
4 actions of hormones
- ) Stimulates protein synthesis (structural and functional proteins)
- ) Change rate of enzyme activity (phosphorylation changes enzyme activity)
- ) Alter plasma membrane transport (changing the excitability of the cell)
- ) Induce secretory activity (production of another hormone)
where are opioids produced
the anterior pituitary
how does exercise affect GH?
short anaerobic exercise will increase GH
what is the only gland that can store its secretions?
thyroid
how does exercise affect TSH
no effect
why doesn’t exercise affect TSH
TSH is produced at night
how does exercise affect ACTH production
incr
what does ACTH do
increases free fatty acid metabolism and gives us new glucose for energy
how does exercise affect PRL?
high intensity exercise increases PRL levels for 45 minutes after exercise and then return to baseline levels
have a lack of support in chest can do what to PRL levels during exercise
incr
high PRL levels does what to the breasts
enlarges them
long term training does what to resting PRL in men?
decreases the resting levels of PRL (bc not enough estrogen to shut off the inhibitor to PRL)
how does exercise affect the gonadotropins (FSH and LH)
decr
do endurance athletes that are men have higher or lower testosterone levels than those who are sedentary?
lower (65-85% of that of sedentary ppl)
how does exercise affect ADH
greatly increases it (bc we want tp maintain fluid during exercise)
how does exercise affect oxytocin?
no effect
How does exercise affect t3 and t4?
increase (secreted into the blood more during exercise bc cells need more energy)
does exercise incr the production of thyroid hormone more or does it promote the release of thyroid hormone?
promotes the release of thyroid out of the colloid
how does exercise affect calcitonin?
no effect
what does calcitonin do?
decr blood ca levels
what does PTH do?
incr blood ca levels
how does exercise affect PTH?
incr (bc calcium needed for muscle contraction so PTH takes it out of the bone)
how does exercise affect the minerlocoticoids (zona glomerulosa)
incr
how does exercise affect the glucocorticoids (zona fasiculata)
incr
how does exercise affect the zona reticularis?
not much of an effect, BUT may incr androgens (DHEA) very slightly
how does exercise affect the medulla (catecholemines)
incr production any time over 50% of vo2 max
do we produce more or less catecholemines after being on a training program than before
more
what do mineralocorticoids do
maintain sodium balance which maintains fluid balance of the body (retain more water). helps maintain blood volume and blood pressure
what is the main mineralocorticoid
aldosterone
is there a training effect with aldosterone
no
what do glucocorticoids do
affect metabolism and affect energetic pathways
what is the main glucocorticoid
cortisol
what is the acute and long term affect of exercise on cortisol
acute= increase
long term= decr (body less dependent on cortisol for metabolism)
what is the main gonadocorticoid
DHEA (which is a precursor for androgens)
what two things can DHEA produce
testosterone and estradiol
what can DHEA do?
incr someone’s sex drive
if exercise incr DHEA production how would it do it?
thru increasing CRH (which incr ACTH which incr DHEA production)
how does exercise affect the gonadal hormones (testosterone and estrogen/progesterone)
incr all
how does exercise affect insulin
insulin levels decrease during exercise (less sugar in the blood during exercise)
as we train, do we produce more or less insulin?
less
what suppresses the pancreas which shuts off insulin production
catecholamines
how does exercise affect glucagon
incr glucagon levels during exercise
as we train do we produce more or less glucagon?
less
what secretes natural opiods?
anterior pituitary
opiods suppresses the release of _______and_______
FSH, LH
opioids stimulate the release of _______and ________
GH and PRL
how does short term ususually stressful activity affect the immune system
depresses it and puts one at risk for URTI and contributues to overtraining
how does moderate PA affect the immune system
boosts it
how does long term aerobic affect the immune system
boosts it
how does long term resistance affect the immune system
does nothing
how does a high carb diet affect the immune system
enhances it
what vitamins prevent the immune system from being suppresses
vitamin c and e
what percentage of vitamin e prevents immune suppression
200mg
what percentage of vitamin c prevents immune suppression
600mg
what amino acid prevents immune supression
glutamine
what 3 things help the immune system?
glutamine vitamins c and e, and high carb diet
what 5 cancers does exercise help reduce the risk
- ) breast
- ) colon
- ) lung (some debate)
- ) prostate
