Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what effect does exercise have on oxytocin

A

none

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2
Q

steroid hormones are derived from________

A

cholesterol (lipid nature)

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3
Q

which hormones can pass across plasma membrane

A

steroid

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4
Q

which 2 organs produce steroid hormones

A

adrenal gland and gonads

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5
Q

steroid hormones bind to receptors where?

A

inside the cell

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6
Q

non steroid hormones are _________ based

A

amino acid

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7
Q

non steroid hormones are ________soluble

A

water

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8
Q

which hormones can be transported in the blood well

A

non steroid

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9
Q

which hormones need a carrier molecule

A

steroid

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10
Q

where are the receptors for non steroid hormones

A

outside the cell

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11
Q

which hormones need a secondary messenger

A

non steroid

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12
Q

4 actions of hormones

A
  1. ) Stimulates protein synthesis (structural and functional proteins)
  2. ) Change rate of enzyme activity (phosphorylation changes enzyme activity)
  3. ) Alter plasma membrane transport (changing the excitability of the cell)
  4. ) Induce secretory activity (production of another hormone)
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13
Q

where are opioids produced

A

the anterior pituitary

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14
Q

how does exercise affect GH?

A

short anaerobic exercise will increase GH

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15
Q

what is the only gland that can store its secretions?

A

thyroid

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16
Q

how does exercise affect TSH

A

no effect

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17
Q

why doesn’t exercise affect TSH

A

TSH is produced at night

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18
Q

how does exercise affect ACTH production

A

incr

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19
Q

what does ACTH do

A

increases free fatty acid metabolism and gives us new glucose for energy

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20
Q

how does exercise affect PRL?

A

high intensity exercise increases PRL levels for 45 minutes after exercise and then return to baseline levels

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21
Q

have a lack of support in chest can do what to PRL levels during exercise

A

incr

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22
Q

high PRL levels does what to the breasts

A

enlarges them

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23
Q

long term training does what to resting PRL in men?

A

decreases the resting levels of PRL (bc not enough estrogen to shut off the inhibitor to PRL)

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24
Q

how does exercise affect the gonadotropins (FSH and LH)

A

decr

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25
Q

do endurance athletes that are men have higher or lower testosterone levels than those who are sedentary?

A

lower (65-85% of that of sedentary ppl)

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26
Q

how does exercise affect ADH

A

greatly increases it (bc we want tp maintain fluid during exercise)

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27
Q

how does exercise affect oxytocin?

A

no effect

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28
Q

How does exercise affect t3 and t4?

A

increase (secreted into the blood more during exercise bc cells need more energy)

29
Q

does exercise incr the production of thyroid hormone more or does it promote the release of thyroid hormone?

A

promotes the release of thyroid out of the colloid

30
Q

how does exercise affect calcitonin?

A

no effect

31
Q

what does calcitonin do?

A

decr blood ca levels

32
Q

what does PTH do?

A

incr blood ca levels

33
Q

how does exercise affect PTH?

A

incr (bc calcium needed for muscle contraction so PTH takes it out of the bone)

34
Q

how does exercise affect the minerlocoticoids (zona glomerulosa)

A

incr

35
Q

how does exercise affect the glucocorticoids (zona fasiculata)

A

incr

36
Q

how does exercise affect the zona reticularis?

A

not much of an effect, BUT may incr androgens (DHEA) very slightly

37
Q

how does exercise affect the medulla (catecholemines)

A

incr production any time over 50% of vo2 max

38
Q

do we produce more or less catecholemines after being on a training program than before

A

more

39
Q

what do mineralocorticoids do

A

maintain sodium balance which maintains fluid balance of the body (retain more water). helps maintain blood volume and blood pressure

40
Q

what is the main mineralocorticoid

A

aldosterone

41
Q

is there a training effect with aldosterone

A

no

42
Q

what do glucocorticoids do

A

affect metabolism and affect energetic pathways

43
Q

what is the main glucocorticoid

A

cortisol

44
Q

what is the acute and long term affect of exercise on cortisol

A

acute= increase

long term= decr (body less dependent on cortisol for metabolism)

45
Q

what is the main gonadocorticoid

A

DHEA (which is a precursor for androgens)

46
Q

what two things can DHEA produce

A

testosterone and estradiol

47
Q

what can DHEA do?

A

incr someone’s sex drive

48
Q

if exercise incr DHEA production how would it do it?

A

thru increasing CRH (which incr ACTH which incr DHEA production)

49
Q

how does exercise affect the gonadal hormones (testosterone and estrogen/progesterone)

A

incr all

50
Q

how does exercise affect insulin

A

insulin levels decrease during exercise (less sugar in the blood during exercise)

51
Q

as we train, do we produce more or less insulin?

A

less

52
Q

what suppresses the pancreas which shuts off insulin production

A

catecholamines

53
Q

how does exercise affect glucagon

A

incr glucagon levels during exercise

54
Q

as we train do we produce more or less glucagon?

A

less

55
Q

what secretes natural opiods?

A

anterior pituitary

56
Q

opiods suppresses the release of _______and_______

A

FSH, LH

57
Q

opioids stimulate the release of _______and ________

A

GH and PRL

58
Q

how does short term ususually stressful activity affect the immune system

A

depresses it and puts one at risk for URTI and contributues to overtraining

59
Q

how does moderate PA affect the immune system

A

boosts it

60
Q

how does long term aerobic affect the immune system

A

boosts it

61
Q

how does long term resistance affect the immune system

A

does nothing

62
Q

how does a high carb diet affect the immune system

A

enhances it

63
Q

what vitamins prevent the immune system from being suppresses

A

vitamin c and e

64
Q

what percentage of vitamin e prevents immune suppression

A

200mg

65
Q

what percentage of vitamin c prevents immune suppression

A

600mg

66
Q

what amino acid prevents immune supression

A

glutamine

67
Q

what 3 things help the immune system?

A

glutamine vitamins c and e, and high carb diet

68
Q

what 5 cancers does exercise help reduce the risk

A
  1. ) breast
  2. ) colon
  3. ) lung (some debate)
  4. ) prostate