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Rad 100 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the endocrine system?

A

To regulate body activities via hormones

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2
Q

Describe pituitary

A

Gland the size of a pea located at the base of the brain which relates to the growth hormone. Referred to as the master gland.

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3
Q

Describe thyroid

A

Largest endocrine gland located in the neck. It controls metabolism

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4
Q

What is the difference between hypethyroid and hypothyroid?

A

Hyperthyroid involves excessive thyroid activity while hypothyroid involves a deficiency in thyroid activity

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5
Q

adeno

A

gland

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6
Q

adreno / adrenal

A

adrenal glands

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7
Q

calci / calco

A

calcium

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8
Q

endocren/o

A

endocrine

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9
Q

parathyroid gland

A

parathyroid glands > regulates calcium

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10
Q

acro

A

extremities / height

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11
Q

dipso

A

thirst

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12
Q

kali

A

potassium

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13
Q

natro

A

sodium

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14
Q

calcemia

A

calcium in the blood (excessive or deficient)

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15
Q

glycemia

A

sugar in the blood (excessive or deficient)

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16
Q

acidosis

A

abnormal accumulation of acid

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17
Q

cretinism

A

condition caused by absence or wasting away of thyroid gland. (puffy features, dwarfism)

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18
Q

Addison’s Disease

A

Chronic syndrome resulting from a deficiency in hormonal secretion of the adrenal cortex

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19
Q

Cushing Disease

A

Multiple symptoms attributed to excessive production of cortisol. May be the result of a pituitary tumor or adrenal gland malfunction (puffy features)

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20
Q

Graves Disease

A

Disorder of the thyroid gland. Characterized by goiter and enlargement of eyeballs (Active Thyroid)

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21
Q

myxedema

A

condition resulting from the deficiency of the thyroid hormone thyroxine. A severe form of hypothyroidism in an adult. Puffiness of face, hands, and tongue

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22
Q

adenosis

A

abnormal condition of a gland

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23
Q

FBS

A

fasting blood sugar

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24
Q

T4

A

thyroxine level

hormone produced by thyroid increasing metabolism

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25
Q

euthyroid

A

resembling a normal thyroid gland

normal youth

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26
Q

TSH

A

thyroid stimulating hormone

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27
Q

exophthalmos

A

abnormal protrusion of the eyeball

X on one eyeball and an O on the other)

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28
Q

isthmus

A

narrow strip of tissue connecting two larger parts of the body

(tissue wrapped around 2 christmas trees connecting them)

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29
Q

goiter

A

enlargement of the thyrooid gland

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30
Q

ketosis

A

condition resulting from uncontrolled diabetes / abnormal concentration of ketone bodies

(key shaped toes that releases uncontrolable fat diabetics)

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31
Q

RAIU

A

radioactive iodine uptake test

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32
Q

euglycemia

A

normal level of sugar in blodd

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33
Q

endocronologist

A

studies and treats diseases of the endocrine system

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34
Q

DM

A

diabetes mellitus

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35
Q

algia

A

pain

put algea on body for pain

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36
Q

cele

A

hernia or protrusion or swelling out

celery protruding out

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37
Q

ectasis

A

stretching out / dilation

when someone is estatic to see you they stretch out or expand their arms to hug you

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38
Q

graphy

A

image or graph

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39
Q

rrhagia

A

discharge

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40
Q

scope

A

visual viewing

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41
Q

stenosis

A

narrowing

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42
Q

thorax

A

chest

thor taking an axe to your chest

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43
Q

tomy

A

cut or incision

think of a lobotomy

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44
Q

bronchitus

A

inflammation of the bronchi

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45
Q

epiglottitus

A

inflammation of the epiglotis

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46
Q

hemothorax

A

blood in the chest

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47
Q

laryngitis

A

inflammation of the larynx

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48
Q

pleuritis

A

inflammation of the pleura

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49
Q

ARDS

A

adult respiratory distress syndrome

> life threatening lung disease where person cannot breathe

50
Q

COPD

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

51
Q

CF

A

cystic fibrosis

> born with it / congenital

52
Q

epistaxis

A

nose bleeding

53
Q

legionnaire disease

A

pneumonia caused by bacteria

54
Q

pertussis

A

contagious infection in the respiratory tract (whooping cough)

55
Q

TB

A

tuberculosis

> lung disease

56
Q

URI

A

upper respiratory infection

a cold

57
Q

oximeter

A

measures oxygen

58
Q

capnometer

A

measures carbon dioxide

putting a cap on the car exhaust pipe

59
Q

spirometer

A

measures breathing

60
Q

ABG’s

A

arterial bloodgases

61
Q

anoxia

A

absence or deficiency of oxygen

62
Q

aphonia

A

absence of voice

63
Q

apnea

A

absence of breathing

64
Q

dyspnea

A

difficult breathing

65
Q

eupnea

A

normal breathing

66
Q

hypercapnia

A

excessive carbon dioxide in blood

cap - carbon dioxide

67
Q

hypoxia

A

dificient oxygento the tissues

68
Q

intrapeural

A

pertaining to within the pleura

69
Q

pulmonologist

A

studies and treats diseases of the lung

70
Q

rhinorrhea

A

discharge from the nose (runny nose or cold)

71
Q

thoracic

A

pertaining to the chest

72
Q

CT

A

computed tomography

73
Q

PE

A

pulmonary embolism

74
Q

PFT’s

A

pulmonary functions tests

75
Q

nephron

A

urine producing microscopic structure

76
Q

ureters

A

two slender tubes that receive urine from the kidneys

77
Q

urinary bladder

A

hollow organ that temporarily holds urine

78
Q

urethra

A

lowest part of the urinary tract where urine passes from the bladder to outside the body

79
Q

cyst

A

bladder or sac

80
Q

meato

A

meatus / opening

81
Q

pyelo

A

renal pelvis

elvis and pie

82
Q

glycol

A

sugar

83
Q

noct

A

night

84
Q

tomo

A

cut / section

85
Q

sono

A

sound

86
Q

lysis

A

loosening / breaking down

87
Q

ptosis

A

drooping / sagging / lowering

88
Q

trophy

A

nourishment / growth

89
Q

rrhaphy

A

suturing / repairing

road runner happy to get stitches out

90
Q

pyelonephritis

A

inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney

91
Q

ureterocele

A

protrusion of a ureter

92
Q

uremia

A

renal or kidney failure

> waste products in the blood

93
Q

hydronephrosis

A

water in the kidney

94
Q

nephroblastoma

A

kidney tumor usually found in kids

95
Q

UTI

A

urinary tract infection

96
Q

renal calculus

A

stone in the kidney

97
Q

renal hypertension

A

elevated blood pressure resulting from kidney disease

98
Q

What are the 3 basic parameters set up by a radiological tech for an xray?

A

1) Kev - power or energy
2) MA - current
3) Sec - time

99
Q

Decribe cathode

A

source of electrons

100
Q

Describe anode

A

target of photons

101
Q

What are the basic components of xray production units?

A

1) tube insert
2) tube housing
3) collimater assembly
4) generator

102
Q

Why does breastimaging need specialized imaging?

A

to avoid causing cancer in the breast

103
Q

Why does breast imaging need specialized imaging?

A

to avoid causing cancer in the breast

104
Q

What are the 3 basic parameters set up by a radiological tech for an xray?

A

1) Kev - power or energy
2) MA - current
3) Sec - time

105
Q

What are the basic components of xray production units?

A

1) tube insert
2) tube housing
3) collimater assembly
4) generator

106
Q

What is spiral CT?

A

rotates around the body

107
Q

How are tissues characterized in CT?

A

By their thickness

108
Q

What are some of the basic principles of NM imaging?

A

1) uses small amounts of radioactive substances to diagnose and treat
2) uses less radiation than xray
3) providesunique information about the structure and function of organs in the body

109
Q

What are some of the organs that can be imaged in NM?

A

Brain / Lungs / Heart / Kidneys / Thyroid

110
Q

What is a radiopharmaceutical?

A

a drug that tells the radioactivity where to go

111
Q

How is NM different from ct or radiography?

A

the patient temporarily becomes radioactive rather than shooting them with radiation

112
Q

What is an annihilation reaction and how is it used in PET imaging?

A

when a positron and electron collided and produce a gamma ray…used in PET imaging

113
Q

What are some characteristics and advantages of PET imaging?

A

It is the best indicator for recurring disease

114
Q

What are some of the radiopharmaceuticals used in PET and and why are they used?

A

> florine
rubidium
carbon
nitrogen

Used because of their short half life

115
Q

How is PET / CT used in the evaluation of cancer?

A

1) to more accurately estimate the location
2) avoid unnecessary treatments
3) make earlier diagnosis

> > > Good for diagnosing cancer in its early stages
Can determine how far along a patient is with their cancer

116
Q

What is a CT number and how is it used in CT imaging?

A

CT numbers correspond to tissue density in the body. The larger the CT number the denser the tissue.

117
Q

Describe some major changes in CT from 1st generation to taday’s use

A

1) the time to generate a single image has been greatly reduced
2) gone from the machine rotating around the body to the patient moving thru the machine

118
Q

Parameters set by the technologist in ct unit

A

1) kv - power
2) ma - current
3) time

119
Q

What are some characteristics and advantages of PET imaging?

A

1) good indicator for recurrent disease
2) studies show that PET imaging could afffect patient care significantly
3) Can determine how far alonga patient’s cancer is
4) Low radiation exposure to the patient

120
Q

What is a pixel and voxel and how are they used in CT imaging?

A

A pixel is the basic 2D element of the digital image and a voxel has a 3rd dimension that represents the pixel width and height…..slice thickness of the ct scan > they make up the sections of the ct image

Rad 100 (2 decks)

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