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Health Services > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Integrated patterns of human behavior

A

Culture

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2
Q

The tendency to believe that what people do reflects who they are

A

Fundamental attribution error

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3
Q

Fundamental attribution error is also called

A

Correspondence bias or attribution effect

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4
Q

Over-generalized belief about a particular category of people

A

Stereotypes

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5
Q

Negative attitude or feelings based on stereotype towards category of people and its individual numbers

A

Prejudice

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6
Q

Negative and unequal treatment of individuals based on their group membership

A

Discrimination

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7
Q

PAUSE

A

Pay attention, acknowledge, understand, search, execute

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8
Q

When is PAUSE used

A

Culturally responsive care

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9
Q

Attitudes, knowledge, and skills that allow integration and translation of knowledge about various cultures into the practice of pharmacy

A

Cultural Competence

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10
Q

Acknowledgement of one’s own barriers to true intercultural understanding

A

Cultural Humility

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11
Q

Platinum rule

A

Treat others as they would want done to them

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12
Q

Unconscious attribution of particular qualities to a member of a certain social group

A

Implicit Bias

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13
Q

The ability to provide care to patients with diverse values, beliefs, and behaviors and to tailor that to the needs of the patient

A

Cultural Competence

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14
Q

What determines health and differences in health

A

Social determinants, time, endowments

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15
Q

Endowments

A

Something given and cannot be changed (Genetics)

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16
Q

Health disparity

A

Difference as a result of factors other than clinical appropriateness and patient preference

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17
Q

Discrimination

A

Differences as a result of bias

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18
Q

Health Difference

A

Clinical appropriateness and need, patient preference

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19
Q

Donabedian framework

A

Structure of care and process of care leads to health outcomes.
Interventions should target structures and processes to improve outcomes and decrease disparity

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20
Q

Iron trianlge

A

Quality of care, cost containment, access to care

Can only pursue two of the 3 dimensions without the third being sacrificed

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21
Q

Equality

A

Equal opportunity

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22
Q

Equity

A

Equal outcome

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23
Q

In health and health care what is the opportunity and what is the outcome

A

Health care is the opportunity, health is the outcome

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24
Q

Stereotype

A

Exercise our mind

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25
Q

Prejudice

A

Exercise our emotions

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26
Q

Discrimination

A

Exercise our will

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27
Q

Ideas of professionalism given to pharmacy

A

Law, code of ethics, specific knowledge, formalized institutions to pass on knowledge

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28
Q

Social object of pharmacy

A

Optimizing drug therapy

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29
Q

4 outcomes that improve patient quality of life

A

Cure of disease, reduction/elimination of symptoms, arresting/slowing of disease symptoms, preventing disease or symptoms

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30
Q

5 causes of patients non-quality of life

A

Inappropriate prescribing, delivery, behavior by patients, monitoring, and patient idiosyncrasy

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31
Q

Most important cause of patient non-quality

A

Inappropriate monitoring

32
Q

Pharmaceutical care

A

Responsible provision of drug therapy for the purpose of achieving definite outcomes that improves a patients quality of life

33
Q

Components of the Communication accommodation theory (CAT)

A

Approximation, interpretability, emotional expression, discourse management, interpersonal control

34
Q

Approximation

A

speech patterns

35
Q

Discourse management

A

Asking questions, taking turns, non-verbals, listening

36
Q

Interpersonal control

A

Patient centered/shared decisions, balance of power

37
Q

Health literacy

A

Ability to perform tasks related to function in the health care environment

38
Q

Components of health literacy

A

Reading, writing, numeracy, speaking, listening, understanding concepts

39
Q

What can help with health literacy?

A

SILS, REALM, teach back, open ended questions, plain language

40
Q

REALM

A

Rapid estimate of adult literacy in medicine

41
Q

SILS

A

Single item literacy screener

42
Q

State of complete well-being includes physical, mental, social, spiritual

A

Health

43
Q

Objective phenomenon/pathology characterized by altered or abnormal functioning

A

Disease

44
Q

Subjective phenomenon including physical and social state

A

Illness

45
Q

Ability to meet obligations and roles as defined by others as a result of disease or illness

A

Sickness

46
Q

Theory

A

Things you can observe and how those are inter-related

47
Q

Purpose of a theory

A

Useful for understanding, planning, implementing, evaluating

48
Q

Kleinman model

A

Explanatory model of illness

49
Q

Kleinman model elements

A

Severity, timing and mode of onset, pathophysiology, natural history (Course), etiology (cause), treatment

50
Q

Reaction to illness

A

Denial, action, emotion

51
Q

Reaction to abnormality

A

Hide/mask or seek fix

52
Q

Health behavior

A

Activity by a person who believes self health

53
Q

Health belief model domains

A

Perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers

54
Q

Health belief model elements

A

Demographic/psychosocial variables, perceived threat, decisional balance, cues to action, likelihood of taking action

55
Q

Patient Centered Care

A

Identifying and responding to patients ideas and emotions regarding their illness and reaching common ground regarding treatment

56
Q

Biomedical model

A

Better treatment, but patient is in a passive role and health is considered absence of disease

57
Q

4 habits model

A

Invest in the beginning, elicit patient’s perspective, demonstrate empathy, invest in the end

58
Q

When is the 4 habits model used

A

Patient centered care

59
Q

Framework for understanding the stages individuals progress through toward adopting and maintaining health behavior change

A

Transtheoretical model/stages of change

60
Q

5 stages of change

A

Pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance

61
Q

RULE

A

Resist the righting reflex, understand your patient’s motivations, listen to your patient, empower your patient

62
Q

OARS

A

Open ended questions, affirming reflective listening, summarizing

63
Q

Self expressed language that is an argument for change to the healthy behavior

A

Change talk

64
Q

SOLER

A

Face Squarely or at an angle, open posture, lean forward, eye contact, relax

65
Q

Primary non-adherence

A

Not starting the prescription

66
Q

Secondary non-adherence

A

Anything after the script has been picked up

67
Q

Medication non-persistence

A

Prematurely stopping medication, secondary

68
Q

Impact of non-adherence

A

30-50% of people are non-adherent, expensive, causes 125,000 deaths

69
Q

Direct assessment of medication

A

Lab values, sensors, direct observation

70
Q

Indirect assessment of medication

A

Interview, self-report, pharmacy record, med counts

71
Q

Dimensions of non-adherence

A

Health care or system factors, patient related factors, therapy related factors, condition related factors, social and economic related factors

72
Q

DRAW actions

A

Simplify regimen, organize medications and refills, understand, educate, motivate, reduce cost, address cognitive issues, follow up

73
Q

Self-deception

A

Problematic assumption regarding respect, judgement of meaning applied by self to action/comment by other

74
Q

Suicide statistics

A

44,193 die annually 1 Million attempts each year, 10th leading cause of death, 2nd for our age range

75
Q

Suicide best practices

A

Ask directly, listen and support, validate feelings, connect resources

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