Exam 3 Flashcards
According to Adair, what are the four components in the method of scientific induction that Roger Bacon developed?
a. the repeated use of observation
b. hypothesis
c. experiment
d. verification
According to Adair, who was the first major figure among Catholics whose scientific views conflicted with the official position of the church?
NICOLAUS COPERNICUS
According to Adair, who was the “father of modern geology” who developed the principle of uniformitarianism?
CHARLES LYELL
Which dominant model of the earth’s history preceded the principle of uniformitarianism and was based on a literal reading of the biblical story of Noah’s flood?
CATASTROPHISM
What is the current theory that holds sway among the vast majority of astronomers about the origin of the universe?
THE BIG BANG THEORY
The largest crisis between science and Christianity, since the time of Galileo, arose with the publication of which book?
THE ORIGIN OF THE SPECIES
What is the idea based on the authority of the bible used by those Christians who oppose teaching about evolution?
CREATION SCIENCE
According to Adair, who promoted and further developed the theory of Nicolaus Copernicus that the earth revolved around the sun?
GALILEO
TRUE / FALSE: According to Adair, the birth of modern science had its roots in the work of Jewish scholars like Alhacen.
false
TRUE / FALSE: According to Adair, by the mid-eighteenth century, most Christians thought that science and the Bible were fully compatible
true
According to Adair, because of what two factors did many Christians in the early church consider the visual arts as an inappropriate means for expressing the Christian faith?
a. jewish prohibition of making images of God
b. roman use of images to promote the imperial cult
According to Adair, during which period of history did medieval architecture reach its greatest heights?
THE GOTHIC PERIOD
According to Adair, during the Renaissance and the Baroque periods, what was one of the two dominant characteristics in the construction of great cathedrals?
MASSIVE DOMES
What funding decision for the building of St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome helped to spark the Protestant Reformations of the 16th century?
THE SALE OF INDULGUNCES
According to Adair, who was one of the most important figures in the early medieval period for the development of Christian music?
POPE GREGORY I THE GREAT
What were two of the most famous pieces of music to support the church that were composed during the Baroque period?
a. handel’s messiah
b. bach’s mass in b minor
According to Adair, who was perhaps the greatest English hymn writer during the period of the sixteenth through the nineteenth centuries?
ISAAC WATTS
According to Adair, what is one of the main purposes of worship in many religious traditions, including Christianity?
REENACTING IMPORTANT PARTS OF SACRED STORIES
TRUE / FALSE: According to Adair, the European reformers of the 16th century resisted radical iconoclasts who destroyed the art of Christian churches.
false
TRUE / FALSE: According to Adair, in the Western Church, especially in those areas where Christians continued to live under Muslim rule, the relationship between church and art was much more conservative.
false
TRUE / FALSE: According to Adair, because the Christian bible is a sacred text, it does not fit into the category of literature more generally
false
According to Adair, what biblical teaching summarizes for many Christians the essence of Christian ethics, at least on a personal level?
DO UNTO OTHERS AS YOU WOULD HAVE OTHERS DO UNTO YOU
List H. Richard Niebuhr’s five paradigms or models of the way that Christians have historically related to culture, as identified by Adair:
a. Christ against culture
b. the Christ of culture
c. Christ above culture
d. Christ and culture in paradox
e. Christ the transformer of culture
According to Adair, during the second century, on what notion did Christians base the popular ideas that celibacy was the path to greater holiness and that remaining single was preferable to marriage?
dualistic notion of matter and spirit from surrounding culture
According to Adair, what is one of the most divisive sexual issues facing churches today?
THE QUESTION OF THE PROPER CHRISTIAN APPROACH TO HOMOSEXUALITY
List three issues for Christians, as discussed by Adair, that relate to the beginning of human life:
a. abortion
b. cloning
c. artificial birth control
List two historic peace churches that Adair identifies:
a. the quakers
b. mennonites
According to Adair, what is a third alternative to either Just-War Theory or Pacifism among many Christians today?
PEACEMAKING
According to Adair, what does the Christian “health and wealth message” imply about poor people?
THOSE WHO WERE POOR BECAUSE THEY HAD BEEN UNFAITHFUL TO GOD
TRUE / FALSE: According to Adair, Reinhold Niebuhr, author of Immoral Man and Moral Society, argued that nations should be held to the same moral standards as individuals.
false
TRUE / FALSE: According to Adair, Christians universally agree that divorced persons cannot serve as priests or ministers, even though they acknowledge that divorced persons can be Christian, if they do not remarry.
false
TRUE / FALSE: According to Adair, Christian denominations universally support capital punishment for perpetrators of serious crimes.
false
TRUE / FALSE: According to Adair, although the Roman Catholic Church, Orthodox Churches, and the Society of Friends have officially adopted Just-War Theory, the Anglican Church rejects the concept.
false
TRUE / FALSE: According to Adair, because of its support for poor people, the Roman Catholic Church almost immediately became a proponent of communism.
false
According to Adair, in terms of spirituality, what is the new challenge to Christianity in many parts of the world?
THE GROWTH IN THE NUMBER OF ATHEISTS,AGNOSTICS, AND NONRELIGIOUS PEOPLE, SPECIALLY IN REGIONS WHERE CHRISTIANITY WAS ONCE OVERWHELMINGLY DOMINANT
How does Adair describe or define “spirituality”?
THE PATH you TAKE FROM THE MUNDANE WORLd TO THE TRANSCENDANT WORLD OF THE DIVINE
List three Christians from either the medieval or modern periods who wrote books on Christian spirituality:
a. john of the cross
b. Teresa of avila
c. brother lawerence
According to Adair, what are the three ways (as defined by Charles Kimball) in which Christians can view other religions in regard to the questions of salvation and truth?
a. exclusivism
b. inclusivism
c. pluralism
What was one of the several factors that Adair identifies as having led to the permanent split between Judaism and Christianity?
THE CHRISTIAN ACCLAMATION OF JESUS AS MESSIAH
According to Adair, what major factor changed the situation of relatively cordial relations between Jews and Christians that had prevailed throughout the first three Christian centuries?
CONSTANTINE BECAME EMPEROR
According to Adair, what was the most devastating single event in the entire history of Jewish-Christian interactions?
THE HOLOCAUST
According to Adair, what is the fastest growing “religion” in the U.S.?
ATHEISM
TRUE / FALSE: According to Adair, the Second Vatican Council decreed definitively that other major world religions do not give access to the truth that comes from the God of Jesus Christ.
false
TRUE / FALSE: According to Adair, John Chrysostom, the great preacher in Constantinople, stirred up Christians against their Jewish neighbors.
true
TRUE / FALSE: According to Adair, Christians under Muslim rule had the same rights as Muslims, but were not respected religiously.
false
TRUE / FALSE: According to Adair, the Muslim scriptures, The Quran, contains references to Jesus.
true
TRUE / FALSE: According to Adair, of all the religions of East and South Asia, probably the most numerous and productive dialogues have occurred between Christians and Confucianists.
false
According to Adair, what four core beliefs do Christians share?
a. one God
b. Jesus Christ is God’s son
c. the teachings of Jesus are models for their own faith
d. belief that their communion with God is one of the most meaningful experiences in life
List the ten events or clusters of events (in chronological order) that Adair lists as perhaps the most important for creating the church as it is today:
a. ministry and letters of the apostle Paul
b. second century
c. emperor constantine
d. fall of rome/rise of islam
e. great schism of 1054
f. renaissance/modern age/ protestant reformation
g. peace of Westphalia/French revolution/enlightenment
h. fall of papal states
i. holocaust/Vatican 2
j. missions/ecumenical movement
According to Brady, which Greek term did the translators of the Hebrew Scriptures who produced the Septuagint (LXX) use to interpret the Hebrew words for love?
AGAPE
How is the classical-Greek term, “philia,” most often translated into English?
FREINDSHIP
Identify the book and its author that scholars cite, according to Brady, as the authoritative ancient text on eros:
a. plato
b. the symposium
What are the two great commandments according to Jesus?
a. you shall love your neighbor as yourself
b. LOVE THE LORD
Which parable of Jesus does Brady discuss that Raymond Brown considers to be “a moving description of God’s love”?
THE PARABLE OF PRODIGAL SON
Which letter written by the Apostle Paul does Brady describe as containing the most passionate expression of God’s love in the New Testament?
ROMANS 8
According to Brady, what is one of several ways that distinguish the Gospel of John from the other gospels?
IT DESCRIBE JESUS HAVING PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS
Brady says that, in the Gospel of John, Jesus identifies one thing by which everyone will know that people are his disciples: What is that thing?
THEIR LOVE FOR EACH OTHER
According to Brady, when (including the year) were the first disciples of Jesus excluded from Jewish life?
THE FALL OF THE TEMPLE IN 70 CE
Which book of the New Testament contains the apostle Paul’s most famous statement on love?
1ST CORINTHIANS 13
In which book of the New Testament does the following famous quotation appear: “There is no longer Jew or Greek, there is no longer slave or free, there is no longer male and female; for all of you are one in Christ Jesus”?
GALATIANS
In which book of the New Testament does Jesus state that, if a person has given food, drink, clothing, and so forth, to those people with such needs, then that person has rendered those services to Jesus himself?
MATHEW
Which book of the New Testament identifies God as love?
1 JOHN
Which biblical book’s presentation of love does Brady identify as the summary of love in the New Testament?
1 JOHN
TRUE / FALSE: According to Brady, the central teaching of Jesus and the unifying theme of the New Testament is love.
false