Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Soc 101 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Physics 101 flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Biology 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Sex

A 
biological aspects of an individual, anatomical, genetic characteristics
born into (ascribed)
Humans are born male or female but they have to learn to be masculine or feminine.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Gender

A

status designation derived from physiological aspect linked to male/female to regulate how individuals SHOULD act in a social context
socially determined
GENDER IS FLUID
Binary view of gender is false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Gender identity

A

one’s definition of oneself in relation to societal expectations of gender
shapes our self-expectations and how we interact with others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Dramaturgy

A

social interactions on micro scale are like that of a stage
You are the actor, others are the audience
You put on a show
Ex: job interview- you present yourself in a way that you want the employer to see you (what you wear, how you act)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Gender socialization

A

men and women learn the expectations of their sex

not everyone conforms to gender expectations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Gendered institutions

A 
total pattern of gender relations that structure social institutions including: 
stereotypical expectations (nursing is a feminine job), interpersonal relationships, the different placement of men/women found in institutions (glass ceiling-women are promoted throughout career and then they seem to hit an invisible ceiling and stop getting promoted at middle level management)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Epstein (sociologist)

A

Examination of anthropological record shows greater equality between the sexes in the past than commonly thought (hunting/gathering societies existed in which women were not subordinate to men)
Historical lack or gender relevance (men and women were equal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Goldberg (sociologist)

A

Anthropological record shows that all societies were patriarchies (societies in which men dominate women)
In all societies, the highest statuses are associated with men and men dominate the highest political positions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Rossi (sociologist)

A

Women are better prepared biologically for “mothering” than men
Stresses that the issue isn’t biology OR culture, it is both-nature provides biological predispositions, which are then overlaid with culture (what’s valued and what’s not)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Nature vs Nurture

A

Biology vs Society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Gender stratification (inequality)

A

the hierarchical distribution of social and economic resources according to gender
Professional degrees by women are increasing
women’s sports are underfunded b/c they’re not considered as important as men’s sports
Income gap between men and women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Wealth vs income

A

Wealth-consists of property (what we own) and income
Income-money we recieve
Wealth and income are not always the same (usually go together)-someone may own a lot of property but have little income

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Estate

A

A system in which a small elite group (owners of property and power) has total control over resources
Feudal system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Caste

A 
A system where status is assigned based on ascribed status (born with) 
Born into a class
Fixed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Class

A

A system based on ascribed and achieved statuses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Socioeconomic status (SES)

A

Derived from certain factors: income, occupational prestige (perceived rank assigned to a job), and education

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Capitalist class

A

The very top-control wealth
Composed of investors, heirs and a few executives
Divided into “old” and “new” money

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Upper-middle class

A

Composed of professionals and upper managers

Shaped by education

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Working class

A

Composed of factory workers and low-paid white collar workers
Most have HS education

20
Q

Working poor

A

Composed of relatively unskilled blue collar and white collar workers and those with temporary or seasonal jobs

21
Q

Underclass

A

Concentrated in the inner cities and has little connection with the job market
Welfare is their main support

22
Q

Wright

A 
Update Marx
Individuals can be in contradictory class locations-they can own a means of production but also be considered workers
23
Q

Poverty

A

U.S. gov classifies poverty line as being families whose incomes are less than 3x a low cost food budget
FIXED
Clustered in the south
Rural poverty is less visible, more isolated compared to urban

24
Q

Feminization of poverty

A

Most poor families are headed by women
Caused by divorce, births to unwed mothers, and the lower wages paid to women
(The gender of the person who heads the family is a major predictor of whether or not a family will be poor)

25
Q

Age and poverty

A

Overall, the elderly are less likely than the general population to be poor
But, elderly hispanic and African Americans are almost 3x more likely to be poor than elderly white Americans (wealth)
Children are more likely to be poor than adults

26
Q

Theories of Poverty

A

Moynihan
It was suggested that the poor get trapped in a “culture of poverty” as a result of having values and behaviors that make them more predisposed to living in poverty

27
Q

Neoliberalism

A

shifts responsibility to individual

28
Q

Social structure explanations of poverty

A

Deindustrialization (large scale economic change), access to learning job skills, race, ethnicity, age, gender discrimination

29
Q

Federal Welfare Reform
1996 Policy
Clinton

A

There are caps on welfare assistance and recipients are required to look for work
Welfare rolls dropped but that doesn’t mean people were working, they may have hit their limit and become ineligible for welfare
Lifetime benefit is limited by a number of years

30
Q

Ethnic group

A

A social category of people who share a common culture, language or dialect, nationality/national origin, religion, and common norms, practices, customs and history

31
Q

Assimilation

A

The process by which a minority is absorbed into the mainstream

32
Q

Permissive assimilation

A

When the minority adopts the dominant group’s patterns in its own way and/or at its own speed

33
Q

Pluralism

Multiculturalism

A

Permits or encourages ethnic variation, maintains uniqueness (opposite of assimilation)
Ex: Switzerland

34
Q

Race

A

Social classification NOT biological categories

35
Q

Racialization

A

Process by which people, places, and things are assigned meanings and are valorized or devalorized on the basis of prevailing race constructs
Some form of power and value being associated with people, places, and things
Expression of power

36
Q

Racial formation

A

The process of how a group is racialized in different historical times

37
Q

Minorities

A

Groups that are singled out for unequal treatment

Not necessarily the smaller group, just the one with less power

38
Q

Racial stereotypes

A

The absence of direct contact allows them to exist and become oversimplified beliefs about others

39
Q

Prejudice

A

An attitude, belief or idea

Judging

40
Q

Discrimination

A

Action of prejudice

Related to power

41
Q

Institutional racism

A

The systematic distribution of power, resources and opportunity in ways that benefit whites and disadvantage minorities

42
Q

Aversive racism

A

Represents a subtle, often unintentional form of prejudice exhibited by many well intentioned white Americans who view themselves as nonprejudiced

43
Q

Modern racism

A

Involves the rejection of traditional racist beliefs but displaces negative racial feelings onto more abstract social and political issues

44
Q

“Race neutrality” or “colorblindness”

A

Doesn’t see skin color

45
Q

Conflict theorists and racism

A

Suggest that racism is a smoke screen by which the capitalist class can pit one group against the other

46
Q

Symbolic interactionists

A

The labels we learn color our perceptions, leading to selective perception-we see certain things and are blind to others
Racial and ethnic labels are powerful because they are shorthand for emotionally laden stereotypes
Stress that we learn racist attitudes and prejudices in interactions with others or the absence of interaction (stereotypes)

Soc 101 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions