Exam 3

Question 1

Effect on equilibrium when a substance with an ion in common with the dissolved species is added to the solution; causes a decrease in the solubility of an ionic species, or a decrease in the ionization of a weak acid or base

Answer 1

Common Ion Effect

Question 2

Sign of delta H= -
Sign of delta S= +
Spontaneity?

Answer 2

Spontaneous at all temperature

Question 3

More solid can dissolve until Q=K

Answer 3

Q

Question 4

For any species of oxyacids, acidity increases with the ?

Answer 4

number of oxygen bonded to the central atom

Question 5

Delta S univ>0; entropy will increase over time

Answer 5

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Question 6

The total energy of the universe is constant

-Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, but can be converted from one form to another

Answer 6

First Law of Thermodynamics

Question 7

A measure of the disorder in a system

Answer 7

Entropy (S)

Question 8

Large negative delta G values means…

Answer 8

large K

Question 9

Spontaneity? delta H and S: +

Answer 9

Spontaneous at only high temperatures

Question 10

Provides a quantitative basis and molecular perspective to entropy using probability

Answer 10

Systematic Mechanics/Thermodynamics

Question 11

Delta H: +
Delta S: -
Spontaneity?

Answer 11

Never spontaneous

Question 12

What are the 4 distinct regions of a titration curve?

Answer 12

Buffer region, Equivalence Point, Beyond Equivalence Point, Weak Base Ionization

Question 13

Large positive delta G means…

Answer 13

small K

Question 14

Q ? K

The system is at equilibrium and the solution is saturated

Answer 14

=

Question 15

Lewis ? are electron deficient

Answer 15

acids

Question 16

Contains as much solute as it can hold, in equilibrium with excess (undissolved) solute

Answer 16

Saturated Solution

Question 17

Contains a metal ion surrounded by a number of ligands

Answer 17

Complex Ion

Question 18

A molecule or ion with a lone pair of electrons

Answer 18

Ligand

Question 19

What sorts of changes (4) increase the randomness of a system?

Answer 19

Adding heat
Melting
Vaporization
Sublimation

Question 20

The entropy of a pure crystalline substance at absolute zero (0 K) is 0.

Answer 20

Third Law of Thermodynamics

Question 21

Weak organic bases that exhibit a color change at the end point of the titration

Answer 21

Indicators

Question 22

Delta H and Delta S: -

Spontaneity?

Answer 22

Spontaneous only at low temperatures

Question 23

Of a substance is the entropy of 1 mole of the substance in its standard state at 298 K and 1 atm

Answer 23

Standard Molar Entropy

Question 24

The way in which a collection of particles attains a particular energy

Answer 24

Microstate

Question 25

The salt will precipitate out until Q=K

Answer 25

Q>K

Question 26

Have H directly bonded to a non-metal, X

HX

Answer 26

Binary Acid

Question 27

? metal oxides and hydroxides are soluble in strong acids or bases because they can act as either acids or bases in reactions

Answer 27

Amphoteric

Question 28

When the stoichiometric amount of acid equals that of base

Answer 28

Equivalence Point

Question 29

Gain electrons and cause other substances to be oxidized

Answer 29

Oxidizing Agent

Question 30

Defined as electron pair donors

Answer 30

Lewis Bases

Question 31

H is bonded to O, which is in turn bonded to a non-metal, Y; HYO

Answer 31

Oxyacids

Question 32

Overall trend in increasing acidity of binary acids?

Answer 32

Increasing electronegativity, increasing size

Question 33

The concentration of a solute in a saturated solution (no more added solute will dissolve)

Answer 33

Solubility

Question 34

A solution capable of resisting significant pH changes when a strong acid or base is added

Answer 34

Buffers

Question 35

Lose electrons and cause other substances to be reduced

Answer 35

Reducing Agent

Question 36

Defined as electron-pair acceptors

Answer 36

Lewis Acids