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PSYC300 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

To realize all men are bitches

1
Q

How is gender as a developmental process

A

we learn how to “do gender” by observing and copying others

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2
Q

Children learn gender behavior from their environment

A

Bandura’s Social Learning Theory

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3
Q

copying someone else’s behavior

A

Imitation

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4
Q

behavior is strengthened when followed by desirable consequence

A

Reinforcement

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5
Q

watching others’ behaviors with positive outcome and storing it in memory for later use

A

Observational Learning

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6
Q

children move through a series of stages of cognitive development; there are concepts that cannot be

A

Cognitive Development

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7
Q

understanding gender as permanent characteristic; similar to learning one’s eye won’t change color

A

Gender Constancy

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8
Q

gender schema information is learned early and guides individuals in thinking and understanding “gender”

A

Gender Schema Theory

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9
Q

highly gender-typed; strong and rigid gender schema. More likely to use gender stereotypes in thinking

A

Gender-Schematic

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10
Q

less gender-typed; flexible gender schema. Less likely to use stereotypes in thinking

A

Gender-Aschematic

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11
Q

Gender Constancy as a cognitive stage

A

Piaget’s Cognitive Stage Theory

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12
Q

TV, music videos, movies, and reading all provide gender socialization, contributing to gender schema

A

Yes

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13
Q

girls shown less frequently

girls shown in domestic versus occupational

A

Gender stereotypes are communicated

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14
Q

the generally preferred sex == patriarchy

A

boys

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15
Q

aborting healthy fetuses because they are female

A

Female-Selective Abortion

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16
Q

killing newborn female infants

practices correlated with patriarchal cultures and has artificially skewed the ratio of sexes.

A

Female Infanticide

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17
Q

idea women are all the same and therefore interchangeable; used to justify oppression/violence of women/girls

A

Essentialism

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18
Q

about ethnic and cultural groups are communicate to children, including gender attitudes

A

Parental Attitudes

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19
Q

strongly influence economic resources and the educational and cultural opportunities available to children

A

Social Class Differences

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20
Q

communicated culturally, including gender roles

A

Role Expectations

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21
Q

parents do more “pretend” and fantasy play with girls

more rough and tumble sports with boys

A

Parents Play

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22
Q

older children often choose to play with same-gender friends

A

Gender Segregation

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23
Q

girls friendships tend to be organized around social relationships. More cooperative/communal.
boys friendships tend to be organized around sports and other activities; more competitive for status

A

Gendered play affects friendship style

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24
Q

hostile acts attempting to damage another’s close relationship or social standing

A

Relational Aggression

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25
Q

modern term of relational aggression

A

Social Bullying

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26
Q

ncreased pressure to conform to gender roles beginning in early adolescence. This is trending to earlier and earlier ages

A

Gender Intensification

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27
Q

series of physiological events changing a child into a person capable of reproducing

A

Puberty

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28
Q

time after puberty and before adulthood; socially constructed cultural transition between childhood and adult roles/identity

A

Adolescence-

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29
Q

the onset of menstruation; results in new social messages, both positive and shaming/stigmatization

A

Menarche

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30
Q

physical attributes differentiating between sex, without a direct reproductive function

A

Secondary Sex Characteristics

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31
Q

stifling of feelings and thoughts by adolescent girls in effort to fit in and be a “nice” girl. Valuing others’ opinions over own

A

Self-silencing

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32
Q

words designed to oppress someone

A

Pejorative

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33
Q

level of congruence or incongruence in thinking and feeling with relational behavior

A

Relational Authenticity

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34
Q

a person’s overall level of positive regard and self-respect

A

Self-esteem

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35
Q

boys tend to view sexualized attention as flattering

girls more likely to report the harassment

A

Truth

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36
Q

parents and teachers/coaches frequently regard harassment of girls, across many cultures

A

Peers & Sexualized Harassment

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37
Q

Outlets for expression

A

Englarding options for girls

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38
Q

higher self-esteem are more academically successful and reach higher levels of achievement also have stronger positive body image and self-esteem

A

girls participating in athletics

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39
Q

children form egalitarian relationship homes are less gender typed

A

resisting gender typing

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40
Q

total artificial construction of young girls (teen stars) what to sell, to sell them as a product

A

Teen Products

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41
Q

sexual acts recognized by a particular social group

A

Sexual Scripts

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42
Q

rules of guidelines for expected behavior
dictate punishments for violating the rules
operate at societal interactions and individual levels
culturally influenced
US guided by love- love is all you need
generally negative messages of female sexuality
traditionally focus on meeting heterosexual male needs, including power/control over sex

A

Sexual Scripts

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43
Q

US college students believe their peers engage in more risky behavior than the peers actually reported

A

Perceptual Bias

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44
Q

Sexually active singles underestimate their HIV risk
many believe its okay to have unprotected sex with someone they know
judge their risk on partners’ appearance
believe relationship means no worries about STDs

A

Perceptual Bias

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45
Q

stimulating one’s own self, self-pleasuring

A

Maturbation

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46
Q

ewer women report participating
may self-pleasure to complement a satisfactory sex life or compensate for lack of partner
reduces women’s dependency on men

A

Maturbation

47
Q

US college students believe their peers engage in more risky behavior than the peers actually reported

A

Perceptual Bias

48
Q

Sexually active singles underestimate their HIV risk
many believe its okay to have unprotected sex with someone they know
judge their risk on partners’ appearance
believe relationship means no worries about STDs

A

Perceptual Bias

49
Q

stimulating one’s own self, self-pleasuring

A

Maturbation

50
Q

ewer women report participating
may self-pleasure to complement a satisfactory sex life or compensate for lack of partner
reduces women’s dependency on men

A

Maturbation

51
Q

strongest factor in teens delaying sexual behavior

A

Parental Caring-

52
Q

who you are attracted to, who you want to be and be with sexually and what label you identify with

A

Sexual Orientation

53
Q

mostly attracted to opposite sex

A

Heterosexual

54
Q

generally attracted to both sexes

A

Bisexual

55
Q

mostly attracted to same sex

A

Gay or Lesbian

56
Q

accepting same-sex attraction as part of one’s sexual and psychological identity

A

Coming Out

57
Q

labeled and stigmatized beginning of 20th century

A

Gay or Lesbian

58
Q

Research found many women, sex with women is more satisfying that heterosexual sex

A

yes

59
Q

Normalized as “girl on girl action” for heterosexual males

A

heterosexism & heterocentric

60
Q

women more likely than other ethnic groups to remain “closeted”, because of cultural disapproval

A

Latina women

61
Q

women also face integrating multiple subordinate identities and many encounter little acceptance from family/church due to heterosexism

A

African-American Women

62
Q

women may be seen as a rejection of the role of wife and mother, disrespecting to family and culture

A

Asian-American Women

63
Q

women shows some cultures accepting of sexual diversity including recognizing the two-spirit people

A

Native-American

64
Q

ittle research done. Study of self-identified lesbians and bisexual women, those who lived with partners reported better mental health, higher self-esteem, and less loneliness

A

Older Women

65
Q

Studies show white college men are more likely to believe true love comes only once, lasts forever, and overcome obstacles

A

Truth Fact

66
Q

heterosexually strongly scripted. Tend to reingorce gender stereotypes including seually aggressibe male and sexually passive female roles

A

Romantic Scripts

67
Q

when woman wants to say yes to sex but feels she ought to say no; negative impacts

A

Token Resistance

68
Q

women that receive a full range of sexual messages from family and communities. More likely to masturbate or practice oral sex

A

African American-

69
Q

culture that has strong traditional and religious influences
machismo- men display manhood by being strong, demonstrating sexual prowess and asserting their authority or control over women
marianismo- women expected to be sexually pure, submissive, and subservient

A

Latina

70
Q

culture that generally view sexuality as healthy and normal for women; often kept in home, not publicly displayed. More sexually conservative than other women

A

Asian/Pacific Islander

71
Q

especially judged more on appearance. Many parents have low expectations of heterosexual involvement fort daughters, seeing them as unable to fulfill the typical role of wife & mother
perceived as too fragile for sexual activity
need caretakers not lovers
should be grateful if any man wants them

A

Disability

72
Q

Give people information about STD transmission

Educators recognize the diverse realities of women’s lives

A

Sexuality and Sexual health for All: Equal Rights & Sexual Subjectivity

73
Q

sex for yourself!

sexual subjectivity

A

Better Sex

74
Q

awareness of one’s own sexual desires and responses
a belief that one is deserving of sexual pleasure
the ability to stand up for one’s safety and pleasure

A

sexual subjectivity

75
Q

a legal status granting social standing and legal rights. An institution has a strong patriarchal heritage

A

Marriage

76
Q

husband and wife agree husband has (and should have) greater authority

A

Traditional Marriage

77
Q

spouses have “near-peer” relationship. Wives employed but job less important than husbands

A

Modern Marriage

78
Q

partners have equal power & authority. Share responsibility equally without gender typed roles
Post Gender Relationships- partners have moved beyond using gender to define their marital roles

A

Egalitarian Marriage

79
Q

heterosexual couples refusing to acknowledge gender socialization influences them towards traditional gender roles

A

Myth of Equality

80
Q

how do LGBTQ couples describe their relationships?

A

Most LGBTQ people believe in marriage
Describe their relationships as mutual respect, compatibility, shared decision-making, equal rights, and equal value
respect, compatibility,

81
Q

Heterosexism leads to Discrimination

A

The right to marry would mean LGBTQ’s were no longer being treated like second-class citizens

82
Q

resistance to same-sex marriage is upheld by heterosexist social structures and individuals

A

Eight states support same sex marriage

83
Q

in the US has been organized around gender inequality

A

Institution of Marriage

84
Q

oth partners must be willing to inegrate work and family responsibilities, despite social pressures to conform to traditional roles

A

Egalitarian Relationships

85
Q

motherhood is an

A

institution

86
Q

liberal feminists have stressed that the institution of motherhood has

A

been used to exclude women from public life, and how the myths and mystique of motherhood keep women in their place

87
Q

the ultimate fulfillment of a women

A

motherhood

88
Q

Women are responsible for infants, children, elderly parents, home, and their husband because…

A

women are instinctively good at caregiving

89
Q

If a mother does not have this she is an inadequate mother.

A

A mother has infinite patience and the willingness to sacrifice herself to her children.

90
Q

What is is best for her children?

A

A woman’s intense, full-time devotion to mothering

91
Q

the considerable social pressure on women to have children.

A

motherhood mandate

92
Q

an example of maladjustment

A

choosing not to have children has been viewed as a sign of maladjustment

93
Q

attitudes toward parenthood have become more flexible among

A

college students

94
Q

a concepts that includes a range of issues, such as the right to comprehensive and unbiased sex education, access to safe and reliable contraception, an end to forced sterilization and forced birth control for poor and minority women and access to safe and legal abortion

A

reproductive freedom

95
Q

prohibits the use of federal Medicaid money for abortions except in cases of incest, rape, and when the mother’s life endangered

A

Hyde Amendment

96
Q

formerly known as RU-486, is a non surgical abortion procedure developed in Europe

A

pristone

97
Q

claim that women who have an abortion typically suffer guilt, shame, and lasting psychological damage

A

post abortion syndrome

98
Q

the media ideal for female face and body becomes more impossible to achieve
attempts to avoid appearance of old age are rapidly increasing

A

objectification

99
Q

ending the monthly menstrual cycle

occurs between mid-40s to late-50s

A

Menopause

100
Q

intense, brief episodes of increased heart rate, flushing warmth and sweating; caused by decline in body estrogen during menopause

A

Hot Flashes

101
Q

reproductive hormones to relieve signs of menopause and prevent signs of aging; mixed feelings about physical/side effects

A

Estrogen Replacement Therapy (ERT) or Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)

102
Q

most important factors in maintaining good health in later life through the prevention of muscle tone, which contributes to falls, broken bones, and permanent disability
Prevents heart attacks

A

Exercise

103
Q

so far in objectification they remove human qualities in the person. Girls getting drinks poured on them at Porterequain pride parade. Dreamworlds

A

Dehumanization

104
Q

claim that women who have an abortion typically suffer guilt, shame, and lasting psychological damage

A

post abortion syndrome

105
Q

the media ideal for female face and body becomes more impossible to achieve
attempts to avoid appearance of old age are rapidly increasing

A

objectification

106
Q

ending the monthly menstrual cycle

occurs between mid-40s to late-50s

A

Menopause

107
Q

intense, brief episodes of increased heart rate, flushing warmth and sweating; caused by decline in body estrogen during menopause

A

Hot Flashes

108
Q

reproductive hormones to relieve signs of menopause and prevent signs of aging; mixed feelings about physical/side effects

A

Estrogen Replacement Therapy (ERT) or Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)

109
Q

most important factors in maintaining good health in later life through the prevention of muscle tone, which contributes to falls, broken bones, and permanent disability
Prevents heart attacks

A

Exercise

110
Q

so far in objectification they remove human qualities in the person. Girls getting drinks poured on them at Porterequain pride parade. Dreamworlds

A

Dehumanization

111
Q

reproductive hormones to relieve signs of menopause and prevent signs of aging; mixed feelings about physical/side effects

A

Estrogen Replacement Therapy (ERT) or Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)

112
Q

most important factors in maintaining good health in later life through the prevention of muscle tone, which contributes to falls, broken bones, and permanent disability
Prevents heart attacks

A

Exercise

113
Q

so far in objectification they remove human qualities in the person. Girls getting drinks poured on them at Porterequain pride parade. Dreamworlds

A

Dehumanization

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