Exam 3 Flashcards
Stranger
Someone whom you do not know and who is therefore unfamiliar to you
Acquaintances
Someone you know but only casually
Friends
Someone you know well, someone you like, and someone with whom you feel a close personal bond
Romantic Partners
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Family
Kinship relationships that are characterized by large cultural variations
U-Curve
The initial intercultural contacts are characterized by a positive, almost euphoric, emotional response
W-Curve
The persons responses to her or his own culture upon return
Assimilation
Occurs when it is deemed relatively unimportant to maintain ones original cultural identity but it is important to establish and maintain relationships with other culture
Re-entry Shock
Occurs when the individual returns home and must readapt to the once taken-for-granted practices that can no longer be followed without question
Integration
When an individual or group retains its original cultural identity while seeking to maintain harmonious relationships with other cultures
Separation
If a culture does not want positive relationships with another culture and if it also wishes to retain its cultural characteristics
Segregation
If the separation occurs because the more politically and economically powerful culture does not want the intercultural contact, this is the result of forced separation
Seclusion
When a non dominant group chooses not to participate in the larger society in order to retain its own way of life
Marginalization
When individuals or groups neither retain their cultural heritage nor maintain positive contact with other cultural groups
Accent
Distinguishable marks of pronunciation
Proxemics
The study of how people differ in their use of personal space
Chronemics
The study of time- how people use it, structure it, interpret it, and understand its passage
Kinesics
The study of body movements, often inaccurately called body language
Vocalists
Non-speech sounds, such as belching, laughing, crying, and vocal filler sounds like uh, er, um, and uh-huh
Monochronic Time
Things should be done one at a time, and time is segmented into precise, small units.
Time is viewed as a commodity; it is scheduled managed, arranged.
Polychronic Time
Several things are being done at the same time
Informal Time Systems
The assumption cultures make about how time should be used or experienced
Formal Time Systems
The ways in which the members of a culture describe and comprehend units of time
Technical Time Systems
Precise, scientific measurements of time that are calculated in such units as nanoseconds
Past-oriented Cultures
Regard previous experiences and events as most important
Present-oriented Cultures
Regard current experiences as most important
Future-oriented Cultures
Believe that tomorrow- or some other moment in the future- is most important
Affiliation
What members of a culture use to interpret the degree of friendliness, liking, social warmth, or immediacy that is being communicated
Activation
The ways people react to the world around them
Face
Erving Goffman
The favorable social impression that a person wants others to have of him or her
Control Face
Individual requirements for freedom and personal authority
Approval Face
Individual requirements for affiliation and social contact
Admiration Face
Individual needs for displays of respect from others
Facework
The actions people take to deal with their own and others’ face needs
Self-disclosure
The human tendency to reveal personal information about oneself and to explain ones inner experiences and private thoughts
Depth
Self-disclosing information that refers to the degree of “personalness” about oneself that is revealed
Valence
Refers to whether the self-disclosure is positive or negative, and thus favorable or non-favorable
Timing
Refers to when the self-disclosure in new relationships is generally high because participants share information about themselves that the others do not know
Target
Refers to the person whom self-disclosing information is given
Dominant Culture
The cultural group that has primary access to institutional and economic power is often characterized
Muted Group Theory
Individuals who do belong to the dominant group are often silenced by lack of opportunities to express their experiences, perceptions, and worldviews
Psychological Adaption
Ones personal well being and good mental health while in the intercultural setting
Sociocultural Adaption
One’s competence in managing the everyday social interactions that occur in daily life
When in Rome
A fundamental issue confronting those who are in the midst of another culture is a decision about how they should change their behaviors to fit their beliefs, values, norms, and social practices of those with whom they interact
Cultural Relativistic
Suggests that every culture has its own set of values and that judgments can be made only within the context of the particular culture
Universal Value
1st- “The guiding principle of any universal code of intercultural communication, therefore should be to protect the worth and dignity of the human spirit”
2nd- World at peace
Ethical Dilemmas
1st- Summarized in the adage “When in Rome, do as the Romans do”
2nd- Asks if it is possible to judge a particular belief, value, norm, or social practice as morally responsible\
3rd- Relates to the consequences of intercultural contacts
Ethical Communicators
Whether it is ever acceptable to judge the people of a culture when their behaviors are based on radically different set of beliefs, values, norms, and social practices
