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BIO 181 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

The blood flow slows down in the capillaries because the increased total area of the capillary is very large.
True or False

A

True

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2
Q

The partial pressure of oxygen in the lungs causes it to load into the circulatory system.
True or False

A

True

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3
Q

The pulmonary artery contains oxygenated blood.

True or False

A

False

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4
Q

The lungs have increased surface area to increase the movement of oxygen into the circulatory system.
True or False

A

True

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5
Q

In mammals ventilation is tidal.

True or False

A

True

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6
Q

Blood moves very rapidly in the capillaries.

True or False

A

False

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7
Q

The left ventricle of the heart contains more muscle.

True or Flase

A

True

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8
Q

What is the maximum number of molecules of oxygen that can bind to hemoglobin?

A

4

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9
Q

Veins and venueles have valves in them, but arteries and arterioles do not.
True or False

A

True

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10
Q

The two circuits in the heart and the cardiovascular system have the same blood pressure.
True or False

A

False

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11
Q

The lungs are in the thoracic cavity, but they are also in another cavity. What is the name of that other cavity?

A

Pleural Cavity

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12
Q

To prevent back flow of blood in the heart there are __________________.

A

valves

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13
Q

Once inside the circulatory system __________________ is the molecule that binds oxygen.

A

hemoglobin

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14
Q

The inspiratory and the expiratory reserves make up the total volume in the lungs.
True or False

A

False

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15
Q

When the ventricles contract blood is pushed out into the artery and the artery stretches because of its elastic layers allowing the blood to continue to flow into the circulatory system while the ventricle is relaxing.
True or False

A

True

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16
Q

Oxygen is distributed throughout the body by:

A

The circulatory system.

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17
Q

When the diaphragm is relaxed, it allows air to leave the lungs including the residual volume.
True or False

A

False

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18
Q

Surfactants is one of the later components made in the fetus (prior to birth).
True or False

A

True

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19
Q

The oxygen in the circulatory system functions to bring oxygen to every cell of the body so it can make ATP.
True or False

A

True

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20
Q

When you inhale which set of muscles uses the least amount of ATP and triggers the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

External intercostal muscles

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21
Q

The heart pace maker that triggers the two atria to contract is the __________________ __________________.

A

sinoatrial node

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22
Q

There is a reserve of oxygen in the muscles held by __________________.

A

myoglobin

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23
Q

The excretory system uses oxygen because oxygen diffuses more rapidly into the excretory system because it contains water in the urine.
True or False

A

False

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24
Q

Nutrients and oxygen can leave the arteries and arterioles to reach the cells.
True or False

A

False

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25
Q

Tidal breathing causes the incoming air to mix with some older air in the lungs.
True or False

A

True

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26
Q

There are two factors that cause the release of oxygen from hemoglobin- list them.

A
  1. Ph values

2 partial pressure values

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27
Q

When arterial blood pressure falls the body compensates to raise the blood pressure. Explain this process.

A
  1. kidney releases renin
  2. renin activates angiotensin
  3. angiotensin causes vessels to constrict
  4. arterial pressure rises
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28
Q

The heart contains two circuits. Name them.

A

pulmonary and systemic

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29
Q

The slow flow of blood in the capillaries facilitates release of oxygen.
True or False

A

True

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30
Q

What does carbonic anhydrase do?

A

Speeds conversion of CO2 to H2CO3

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31
Q

The atrioventricular node fires after the sinoatrial node.

True or False

A

True

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32
Q

Unlike other epithelia the epithelia that make up the capillaries have holes in them called fenestrations.
True or False

A

True

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33
Q

The slow flow of blood in the capillaries facilitates the production of bicarbonates in the blood.
True or False

A

True

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34
Q

When the systole occurs the ventricle is contracting.

True or False

35
Q

One of the problems with the increased surface area of the lungs is that the __________________ could stick to each other causing the lungs to collapse. To get around this the body secretes __________________ into the lungs.

A

alveoli, surfactant

36
Q

In capillaries the blood pressure pushes nutrients out of the capillaries towards the cells.
True or False

37
Q

Red blood cells carry CO2 back to the lungs.

True or False

38
Q

Efferent arterioles enter the Bowman’s capsule and afferent arterioles leave the Bowman’ s capsule.
True or False

39
Q

The kidney filters about 180 liters of blood per day.

True or False

40
Q

Blood pressure is the force that drives molecules out of the glomerulus into the Bowman’s capsule.
True or False

41
Q

The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron.

True or False

42
Q

The kidney controls the water balance in the body.

True or False

43
Q

The medulla of the kidney secretes epinephrine.

True or False

44
Q

The Bowman’s capsule is the beginning of the nephron.

True or False

45
Q

Each kidney contains about one million nephrons.

True or False

46
Q

Blood pressure drives red blood cells and plasma proteins out of the glomerulus.
True or False

47
Q

The kidney gets rid of toxic compounds.

True or False

48
Q

What happens to the nephron if the blood pressure drops significantly?

A

reabsorption to restore calcium levels

49
Q

The collecting duct of the kidney drains into the _______________ and this enters the _______________ _______________.

A

ureter, urinary bladder

50
Q

Urine leaves our body through the urethra.

True or Flase

51
Q

The Bowman’s capsule, the proximal convoluted tubule, and the distal convoluted tubule are in the cortex of the kidney.
True or False

52
Q

The inter-weaving of the circulatory system with the nephron is essential for the concentration of urea in the urine.
True or False

53
Q

In the proximal convoluted tubule useful molecules are collected and brought back into the circulatory system such as glucose and amino acids, but not the toxic materials.
True or False

54
Q

Acetylcholine esterase breaks acetylcholine into muscarinic acid
True or False

55
Q

The neural tissues are:

A

Spinal cord, sensory neurons, and brain

56
Q

Excitatory synapses make the post-synaptic cell less likely to fire.
True or False

57
Q

The post-synaptic cell can be:

A

In glands, muscle cells, neurons

58
Q

In the motor end plate, the event that is the immediate trigger for exocytosis is:

A

calcium ions

59
Q

The cell body refers to the part of the neurons that begin at the dendrites and extend to the axon terminal.
True or False

60
Q

The terminal web:

A

is a site of exocytosis

61
Q

The autonomic nervous system contains the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous system.
True or False

62
Q

The central nervous system (CNS) contains:

A

There is no correct answer

63
Q

The membrane potential (resting potential) is largely set by the Na-K- ATPase pump.
True or False

64
Q

Potassium ions are at high concentrations inside of cells including in neurons.
True or False

65
Q

Voltage-gated ion channels open when a protein binds to the receptor.
True or False

66
Q

The receptors in post-synaptic cells are the basis on which the synapse can be defined as inhibitory or excitatory.
True or False

67
Q

The axon hillock in the pre-synaptic neuron fires based on temporal and spatial summation of inputs.
True or False

68
Q

The resting potential of neurons is:

A

The answer is not listed

69
Q

Receptors are made from membrane-bound polyribosomes.

True or False

70
Q

Fast neurons as described in lecture require cytoplasmic signal transduction to open an ion channel.
True or False

71
Q

When the presynaptic cell contacts a muscle cell, the synapse area is called a motor end plate.
True or False

72
Q

Acetylcholine exocytosed from the presynaptic cell travels to the postsynaptic cell to start the action potential in the postsynaptic cell.
True or False

73
Q

Excitatory synapses cause hyperpolarization of post-synaptic cells.
True or False

74
Q

The action potential is

A

A result of the movement of ions.

75
Q

Fast neurons as described in lecture are fast because they are surrounded by a type of glial cell that results in a myelin coating.
True or False

76
Q

Only pre-synaptic neurons are coated with myelin.

True or False

77
Q

Vitamin D causes the parathyroid to inhibit new PTH synthesis.
True or False

78
Q

When the Sympathetic nervous system is triggered glycogen is broken down to glucose to provide more energy.
True or False

79
Q

Insulin is a ligand.

True or False

80
Q

The medulla of the adrenal gland produces epinephrine (i.e., adrenaline).
True or False

81
Q

Vitamin D is really a hormone.

True or False

82
Q

Insulin is produced by alpha cells.

True or False

83
Q

Vitamin D is synthesized from cholesterol

True or False

84
Q

The Parasympathetic Nervous System is triggered is trigger to act by exposure to epinephrine.
True or False

BIO 181 (1 decks)

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