Exam 3 Flashcards
converting glucose to glycogen would
require energy
which of these reactions would have the greatest release of energy
NADH –> NAD
the change in free energy in a reaction be be expressed. what value for delta G would you expect for the hydrolysis of ATP
- (delta G)
as you run to class, your body converted _____ energy to _____ with the loss of _____.
chemical potential; kinetic; heat
what is the minimum number of nucleotides would be required in an mRNA that codes for the synthesis of the 319 amino acid PFK1?
960
which of the following molecules has the greatest amount of potential energy that can be used by a cell
pyruvate
when NAD is reduced to from NADH:
NAD accepts an electron and a hydrogen ion
why does a 10 oz steak contain potential energy
it contains protein
glucose is stored in plants as ___ and in animals as ___.
starch; glycogen
glycolysis is a series of chemical reactions by which the cell can obtain ATP. NAD+ has a crucial role in the run of glycolysis by
accepting electrons from glucose so that glucose becomes partially oxidized to pyruvate
during glycolysis, ATP is made from
ADP and phosphate
what happened to most of the energy that the cell obtains from the oxidation of glucose during glycolysis
it is stored in NADH and FADH2 and later transferred to the electron transport system in mitochondria to transport protons
why has it become evolutionary important for a cell to have enzymes for fermentation
to obtain NAD that can be reduced to NADH during glycolysis
where are the enzymes that mediate glycolysis located
cytoplasm
what do yeast metabolize that leads to the production of carbon dioxide when bread rised
protein and carbs in the flour
citric acid cycle takes place in the
mitochondrial matrix
the majority of energy generated in the citric acid cycle is in the form of
energy electrons donated to NAD+ and FADH
when fats are used as an energy source, the fatty acids are broken down to acetyl - CoA. That means that fats bypass the reaction of ___ and enter the respiratory pathway at ___.
glycolysis; the citric acid cycle
enzymes change the ___ of the rxn
rate
enzymes in lysosomes have a pH optimum that is lower than the enzymes in the solute cytoplasm of cells. of what advantage could that be to a cell
the enzymes would be inactive if lysosomal membranes broke in a cell and release the enzyme
the ___ form of the electron carries have high potential energy
reduces
the final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain is
oxygen
what do these proteins do with the energy provided by NADH and FADH
the concentrate protons by by transporting them into the space between inner and outer membranes
how does oxygen exit mitochondrion
by diffusion across the inner and outer membrane lipid bilayers
