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Clinical Psychology > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two defense mechanisms in short-term psychodynamic therapy?

A

Denial and repression

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2
Q

What are the three major tenets of psychodynamic therapy?

A

The unconscious, defense mechanisms, and transference

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3
Q

How do denial and repression work?

A

Denial- refusing to admit or recognize a problem

Repression- unconscious exclusion of painful memories, impulses, fears from conscious awareness

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4
Q

What is transference? What is an example?

A

Patient reacts to therapist as if therapist was an important figure in the patient’s past. Guy has bad relationship with his mother, he treats his female therapist poorly or obsesses about her

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5
Q

What are the techniques used in psychodynamic therapy?

A

Transference, tackling resistance, and interpretation, clarification, and confrontation

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6
Q

What does a psychodynamic therapist do to tackle resistance?

A

Seeks to identify and understand defense mechanisms displayed

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7
Q

How does therapist do interpretation, clarification, and confrontation?

A

Comments on the defense mechanisms, transference, and the unconscious conflicts going on

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8
Q

What is short term psychodynamic therapy?

A

A form of therapy with the desire to make unconscious conflicts known and dealt with

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9
Q

What is “insight-oriented therapy?”

A

Unconscious issues that took root at an early age being brought to the surface. Helping person understand why they’re thinking and behaving in the way that they are; help person to understand him/herself

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10
Q

Is psychodynamic therapy effective?

A

Works as well as other major methods in treating depression, but doesn’t have a lot of supporting evidence outside of that

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11
Q

What is interpersonal therapy?

A

Clinical problems caused and maintained by interpersonal difficulties

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12
Q

What are the four conceptual areas of IPT?

A

Grief, Role disputes, Role transitions, and interpersonal deficits

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13
Q

Which conceptual area of IPT is described as “diverging perceptions of conflict with significant other producing significant distress?”

A

Role disputes

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14
Q

Which conceptual area of IPT is described as “Few high-quality relationships?”

A

Interpersonal deficits

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15
Q

Which conceptual area of IPT is described as “bereavement process complicated by delay or excess?”

A

Grief

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16
Q

Which conceptual area of IPT is described as “difficulty adapting to change in life circumstances?”

A

Role transitions

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17
Q

What are the goals of dealing with role disputes?

A

ID sources of misunderstanding, intervene by communication training, problem solving or other techniques that facilitate change

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18
Q

Example of a role dispute?

A

Thinking your boss is out to get you because of work related issues

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19
Q

Goals of Interpersonal deficits?

A

ID problematic processes like excess dependency and hostility and aim to modify these

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20
Q

Example of someone with interpersonal deficits

A

Batman. He has people that he cares about, but is typically very reluctant to expand social circle so he drives people away by refusing to communicate and being a hardass

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21
Q

How to handle role transitions?

A

Re-appraise old and new roles, and ID sources of difficulty in new role and make solutions

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22
Q

Example of role transition difficulty?

A

Moving out of home, breaking up with a significant other, getting fired…

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23
Q

How to handle grief

A

Establish new relationships, reconstruct relationship with the deceased, encourage affect and facilitate mourning process

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24
Q

What are the overall goals of IPT?

A

Resolve interpersonal problems, and focus on the here-and-now problems rather than childhood or developmental issues

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25
Q

How many treatment phases are there for IPT

A

three

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26
Q

What does the first phase of IPT treatment consist of?

A

Diagnostic interview, INTERPERSONAL INVENTORY, patient education, clinical formulation of patient difficulties

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27
Q

What is an Interpersonal Inventory?

A

Review of patient’s pattern in relationships, capacity for intimacy, and evaluation of current relationships

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28
Q

Something a clinician going over an interpersonal inventory might say

A

“You tend to rush out of relationships as soon as they become close, you struggle to develop intimacy with anyone, and your current relationships are easy going because most of your relationships are passing associates”

29
Q

Second IPT treatment phase?

A

Specific strategies and goals developed for respective themes

30
Q

Third IPT treatment phase?

A

Methods of dealing with recurrent clinical symptoms, reinforcement and strengthening of progress and experiences

31
Q

What are some examples of techniques used for IPT?

A

Role playing, communication analysis, encouragement of affect, exploration of options and decision analysis, clarification, and supportive listening

32
Q

What is the most evidence-based intervention approach?

A

Cognitive-behavioral therapy

33
Q

What is behavioral therapy?

A

Problem behaviors can be learned and modified through application of learning principles

34
Q

Example of behavioral therapy dealing with fear?

A

You were swarmed by bats when you were younger, and because of that, you’re afraid of bats and places associated with them. We break your link between your experience and conditioned response by slowly exposing you to bats

35
Q

Goal of behavioral therapy?

A

Do anything to break link between experience and overt conditioned response

36
Q

Methods of behavioral therapy?

A

Conditioning, modeling, observation, instruction, contingency management, problem solving, etc.

37
Q

What does CT focus on?

A

Cognitions mediate between environmental events and behavior/emotion

Link between things that happen and how we deal with them behaviorally and emotionally

38
Q

What does CBT hope to accomplish?

A

Modify maladaptive behavioral and cognitive patterns. MAINTAINING FACTORS MORE IMPORTANT

39
Q

Where in a person’s life does CBT treat?

A

Present functioning rather than childhood history

40
Q

What are the six behavioral techniques of BT?

A 
Behavioral activation
Relaxation training
Exposure therapy
Problem Solving
Social Skills training
Contingency management
41
Q

How does a clinician start behavioral activation in a patient?

A

Start with small activities to counteract the inactivity and build more and more off of that. Activities that bring more joy and meaning into people’s lives

42
Q

What does relaxation training consist of?

A

Breathing retraining, progressive muscle relaxation, mindfulness techniques

43
Q

How does exposure therapy work?

What does it treat best?

A

Gradually expose to feared or avoided stimuli/situations/experiences

Anxiety

44
Q

What are the steps of problem solving?

A

Define problem, generate solutions, select the best solution, implement/evaluate solution

45
Q

What does social skills training treat and how?

A

Social anxiety disorder. Rehearsal of increasingly complex behavior skills, assertiveness training, etc. Role playing is a big player in this technique

46
Q

How does contingency management work? Who does this treatment the most?

A

Finding what the ABC’s of a behavior are, and implement a series of punishments and reinforcements to decrease undesirable behavior and increase desirable behavior

Children, but isn’t uncommon in parents, adults, etc.

47
Q

What are the two techniques used in CT?

A

ID distorted cognitions and then challenge and replace them

48
Q

How does identifying distorted cognitions work?

A

Start with recognizing negative automatic thoughts, then translate that into immediate beliefs, and show how it’s apart of the client’s core belief system

49
Q

Once found, how are irrational cognitions challenged and replaced?

A
  1. Estimate the possibility of a person’s worst case scenario happening
  2. If it does happen, walk them through how they would handle their worst problem if it did happen (decatastrophizing)
  3. Replace those thinking patterns with ways that the situation can be handled or worked through
50
Q

What is the idea behind recording panic attacks and anxiety?

A

There’s generally a sequence of events that occur before a panic attack; we want to teach people with panic disorder that attacks are predictable and manageable

51
Q

How do we explain panic attack to clients?

A

Panic attacks are fight or flight fear responses and THEY AREN’T HARMFUL. Just a misfiring of the fear response

52
Q

What is the breathing link to anxiety?

A

Chronic hyperventilation; feeling short of breath, chest pressure, feeling of suffocation, QUICK AND SHALLOW BREATHING

53
Q

What physiological effects occur from hyperventilation during a panic attack?

A

Increased oxygen in the blood, decreased carbon dioxide, upshot: less oxygen to brain and body, and balance out of whack

54
Q

What do we emphasize about breathing skills to someone that has panic attacks?

A

Emphasize smoothly breathing from the diaphragm with normal amounts of air

55
Q

What is the meditative component to the breathing skills?

A

Count as breathe in, “relax” as breathe out, focus only on breath

56
Q

How often should breathing skills be practiced and where?

A

Twice a day, ten minutes per session. Practice in relaxing situations and quiet places

57
Q

How is diaphragm breathing taught?

A

Client lays down, a book is placed on their stomach, and the clinician tells them to focus on moving the book up and down while they’re breathing.

Can also be taught by having the person having a panic attack feel the diaphragm while breathing instead of the chest rising and falling

58
Q

How are thoughts explained for panic disorder?

A

Thoughts reinforce emotions and vice versa.
(My chest is tight, I think I’m having a heart attack, now I’m scared I’m having a heart attack, and now I’m panicking that I’m having one)

59
Q

What’s the first step of thinking skills for panic disorder?

A

Identifying thoughts:

What am I afraid of? if that were to happen, then what and what would that mean?

60
Q

What’s the second step of thinking skills for PD?

A

Evaluate the odds of a negative outcome; makes you aware of the overestimation of the likelihood of the negative outcomes

61
Q

Third step of PD?

A

Challenge your perspective:

Challenges catastrophic thinking about inability to manage negative outcomes

62
Q

How does exposure to PD work?

A

Face the physical symptoms

63
Q

What’s the rationale behind exposure to panic disorder?

A

If you face the symptoms directly, you learn that they aren’t harmful and are tolerable

64
Q

How does symptom assessment of Panic Disorder work?

A

Identify which exercises produce symptoms similar to those in a panic attack

65
Q

What’s the hierarchy for exposure?

A

Rank exercises on which make you most anxious, and then practice by working way up the hierarchy

66
Q

Goal of exposure?

A

As exposure experiences go on, notice the reduction of anxiety in response to symptoms, activities, and situations

67
Q

How do we plan for the future for PD?

A

Get the client on medication to help the process while the client isn’t seeing you

68
Q

What are the most important things to keep track of for Panic Disorder after treatment has ended?

A

Accomplishments that have happened, continued maintenance (doing the exercises to keep anxiety and occurrence low), and relapse prevention (scheduling more visits when necessary and scheduling follow-ups)

Clinical Psychology (1 decks)

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