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Livestock Breeding and Genetics > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Name a qualitative simply inherited trait.

A

Coat color

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2
Q

Name a qualitative polygenic trait.

A

Litter size

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3
Q

What special name is given to qualitative polygenic traits?

A

Threshold traits

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4
Q

Name a Quantitate polygenic trait

A

Ribeye Area

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5
Q

Rank the trait types in order of easiest to to most difficult to select for.

A
  1. Qualitative Simply Inherited
  2. Quantitative Polygenic
  3. Qualitative Polygenic
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6
Q

Which trait alleles (disease) are dominent for color?

A

Black

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7
Q

What are two ways you can manage or select against a genetic abnormality?

A
  1. Cross breeding

2. DNA test-cull carriers

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8
Q

Why is crossbreeding effective at eliminating the appearance of genetic abnormalities?

A

1) Recessive abnormalities-is not shown on carriers

2) Most only segregate in one breed

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9
Q

Why is selection for a simply inherited trait often easier than selection for a polygenic trait?

A

1) SI are only affected by a few genes

2) Polygenic are affected by environment factors such as diet

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10
Q

Which allele is dominant in Porcine Stress Syndrome?

A

Stress Resistent

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11
Q

Is the HYPP allele dominant?

A

Yes

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12
Q

Why are genetic abnormalities found more often in Angus cattle?

A

1) Largest registered breed in North America

2) Use of line breeding

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13
Q

T/F Genetic abnormalities are not segregating in some breeds.

A

False

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14
Q

How do genetic abnormalities commonly start appearing in the livestock industry?

A

Line breeding started many genetic abnormalities

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15
Q

The correlation coefficient measures two aspects of covariation. What are they?

A

Measures strength and direction between variables

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16
Q

The standard deviation of egg weight in chickens is 5 grams. What does this quantity mean?

A

The average deviation of the mean egg weight in this flock is 5 grams

17
Q

Heritability is estimated by a ratio of what?

A

Variences

18
Q

Genetic correlations are estimated by the calculation of what?

A

Correlation

19
Q

Inbreeding coefficients are estimated by the calculation of what?

A

Correlation

20
Q

Breeding values and progeny differences are estimated by what?

A

regression

21
Q

Selection indicies are estimated by what?

A

Regression

22
Q

Variance, standard deviation, correlation and regression all assume that the data follows what type of distribution?

A

Normal distribution

23
Q

Explain why it is possible to completely eliminate a dominant allele from a population through selection but nearly impossible to remove a recessive allele, assuming DNA test does not exist.

A

1) You can differentiate carriers from a recessive carrier (phenotype)
2) When the frequency of the recessive gets really low in a herd most of those recessive alleles are found in heteros

24
Q

T/F Inbreeding and crossbreeding will affect allele frequencies.

A

False

25
Q

T/F Inbreeding and crossbreeding will affect genotype frequencies.

A

True

26
Q

What does BV stand for?

A

Breeding Value

27
Q

How is it possible for the true breeding value of an offspring to be greater than the average of the true breeding values of its parents?

A

Because of Mendallion Sampling

28
Q

Why are additive gene effects transmitted to offspring yet gene combination values are not transmitted to offspring?

A

Because only one allele can be passed on. To pass on dominance both would have to be passed on

29
Q

Seedstock producers are more interested in improving breeding values. Why?

A

They can be transmitted to the offspring and they want to sell genetics

30
Q

Compare and Contrast Breeding Value with producing ability. Why are both of these used?

A
  • Breeding Value-Genetic value as a parent, allows producers to make selection decisions
  • Producing ability- Future performance predictor, allows for culling decisions to be made
  • Both predict values of the animal
31
Q

What is measured by the mean?

A

Average of the data sets

32
Q

What is measured by the standard deviation?

A

The spread of the data but in units that are easier to interpret

33
Q

What percent of a population would fall within one standard deviation from the mean

A

68%

34
Q

What is measured by a regression coefficient?

A

Estimate the expected change in an observation per unit change in a second observation

35
Q

Define Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium.

A

When no forces are acting to change allele frequencies. Alleles will not change

Livestock Breeding and Genetics (5 decks)

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