Exam 3

Question 1

binary fission

Answer 1

cell division for prokaryotes

Question 2

binary fission ends with…

Answer 2

2 daughter cells (identical)

Question 3

mitosis starts and ends with….

Answer 3

single parent cell - 2 identical (no diversity) daughter cells

Question 4

mitosis happens to _______ cells

Answer 4

somatic (what does that mean)

Question 5

meiosis ends with…..

Answer 5

gametes (sex reproduction)

Question 6

humans have how many chromosomes in a somatic cell?

Answer 6

46

Question 7

gametes have how many chromosomes?

Answer 7

23

Question 8

haploid

Answer 8

half the total chromosome number

Question 9

diploid

Answer 9

total chromosome number (humans is 46)(every cell that isnt a sex cell)

Question 10

homologous pair

Answer 10

2 chromsosomes - 1 from dad and 1 from mom

Question 11

chromatid

Answer 11

copy of a chromsome

Question 12

histone

Answer 12

protein eukaryotic dna is wrapped around( beaded necklace)

Question 13

the number of chromosomes determines…

Answer 13

species identity

Question 14

unreplicated chromosome

Answer 14

1 chromatid

Question 15

replicated chromsome

Answer 15

2 chromatids

Question 16

single strand dna is _____ that is composed of _______

Answer 16

polymer; nucleotides

Question 17

double helix has ____ strands of dna held togetehr by _____ bonds

Answer 17

2; hydrogen

Question 18

three parts of a nucleotide:

Answer 18

1. deoxyribose (sugar) 2. phosphate group 3. nitrogenous base (A,c,t,g)

Question 19

complementary base pariing

Answer 19

a-t, c-g

Question 20

semiconservative replication

Answer 20

two new strands produced; both new strands contain some of the original strand of dna

Question 21

main steps of replication

Answer 21

1. unwind double helix 2.rebuild dna

Question 22

how is dna unwound?

Answer 22

by an enzyme called helicase

Question 23

rebuild dna by….

Answer 23

breaking hydrogen bonds (how?) to separate strands and use original strand as a template and copy using dna polymerase

Question 24

what is mitosis used for?

Answer 24

to grow bigger by increses # of cells and replacement of damaged/ dead cells

Question 25

apoptosis

Answer 25

programmed cell death

Question 26

what cells don't experience mitosis

Answer 26

nerve cells, mature muscle cells and gametes

Question 27

via mitosis how many cells are replaced each day?????

Answer 27

20 billion/ per person

Question 28

mitosis starts with_______ and ends with _______

Answer 28

one parent cell, two daughter cells

Question 29

why is it important mitosis is highly regulated?

Answer 29

avoid cancer

Question 30

stage of cell cycle : G0

Answer 30

cell is not dividing (ever) ex: mature muscle and nerve cells

Question 31

stage of cell cycle : G1

Answer 31

part of interphase, cell grows (checkpoint 1: apoptosis if dna damaged)

Question 32

stage of cell cycle : S

Answer 32

DNA synthesis (all chromosomes are semiconservative replicated) , part of interphase

Question 33

stage of cell cycle : G2

Answer 33

final preparation for cell division, the cell continues (2nd peroid of growth) to get larger, part of interphase (checkpoint 2: cell won't replicate if DNA is not replicated properly)

Question 34

stage of cell cycle : M

Answer 34

Divide all components into 2 piles and separate to form 2 daughter cells, cytokinesis occurs (PMAT) (checkpoint 3: halfway through M cycle to make sure dna is properly alligned)

Question 35

telomere

Answer 35

protective cap at the end of the chromosome every replication decreases telomere length eventually leading to apoptosis

Question 36

typical # of divisions before apoptosis r/t telomere?

Answer 36

5