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Speech Science > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Complex waves:

A

A wave of two or more frequencies.

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2
Q

Aperiodic:

A

Each cycle in the waveform does not take the sameamount of time to occur as every other cycle.

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3
Q

Voiced stops

A
  • Short VOT (-20 ms – 20 ms)
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4
Q

Source filter theory:

3 aspects involved in vowel production…

A
  1. Glottal spectrum (source function)
  2. Vocal tract resonator (transfer function)
  3. Sound at the lips (output function)
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5
Q

Harmonic frequencies (harmonics) =

A

whole number multiples of the fundamental frequency

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6
Q

Greater displacement of molecules results in __________

A

more pressure

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7
Q

Lip rounding –

A

High back vowels

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8
Q

Waveform:

A
  • A graph of pressure as a function of time
  • Pressure changes over time
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9
Q

tension increase=

A

frequency increase

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10
Q

High Vowels:

A
  • Lower F1
  • F1 increases as tongue height decreases
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11
Q

Source Filter Theory

A

The vocal tract filters the glottal sound wave for vowels

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12
Q

The shorter the period, the

________the wavelength.

A

shorter

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13
Q

A symmetrical tube:

A

will resonate a narrow range of frequencies.

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14
Q

The higher the pitch:

A

the wider the harmonic spacing.

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15
Q

Each cavity has its own ________________

A

resonating frequency

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16
Q

Frequency (Hz):

A

The number of cycles per second

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17
Q

Wavelength:

A

The measurement of the distance traveled by thesound wave during one cycle.

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18
Q

Continuous spectrum:

A

Displays a range of frequencies thatmake up a complex aperiodic sound using an “envelope”

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19
Q

Tense Vowels are:

A

Long vowels: /i/ /e/ /ae/ /u/ /a/

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20
Q

Harmonic Spacing:

A

The distance between the harmonic frequencies.

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21
Q

Wideband

A
  • 300-500 Hz
  • Broad horizontal bands
  • Formant Structure
  • Good time resolution
  • Each cycle of vibration – glottal pulse
  • Vertical Striations
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22
Q

Length increase causes

A

Fundamental freq. increase

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23
Q

For the voice, the source of a sound is _______________.

A

the Vocal Folds.

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24
Q

Each cavity is an _______________that acts as a _______________and ______________________outside its bandwidth.

A
  • air filled resonator
  • bandpass filter
  • attenuates certain frequencies
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25
Q

Lax Vowels are

A

Short vowels, schaw and carrot

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26
Q

The Amplified Frequency =

A

The Formant Frequency

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27
Q

Frequency of Energy:

Lowest…

A

500-1500 Hz

/p/ and /b/

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28
Q

Line spectrum:

A

Displays the frequency content of aperiodic sound in one instantof time. Each line is a harmonic of the waveform.

29
Q

Period (t):

A

The time to complete one cycle per second

30
Q

Complex Periodic:

A

A cycle of two or more frequenciesthat repeat. The frequencies are systematically related.

31
Q
A
  1. Periodic
  2. Aperiodic
32
Q

Physiologic Properties of Vowels

A
  • Open oral closed nasal
  • Low oral airflow
  • Minimal intraoral pressure
33
Q

When then lips are rounded:

A

They lengthen the vocal tract, lowers perceived pitch

34
Q

Fundamental frequency (F0) =

A

the lowest frequencyof the complex sound.

35
Q

3 acoustic features of a stop:

A
  • Silent Gap (interval)
  • Stop Burst (release burst)
  • Voice onset time (VOT) to distinguish cognate
36
Q

Wavelength = __________/__________

A

speed of sound

Frequency

37
Q

Fricatives are:

A

CWCL (Cowards worry, Couragous Laugh)

  1. Complex aperiodic
  2. Wide band of energy distributed over a broadrange of frequencies
  3. Continuous
  4. Longer durationthan stops
    50-200 ms
38
Q

A quarter-wave resonator produces:

A

multiple frequencies that are odd number multiples of the lowest RF - which are called called “Formants”F1, F2, F3…

39
Q

The higher the frequency, the _______the period.

A

shorter

40
Q

Periodic:

A

Each cycle in the waveform takes the same amount oftime to occur as every other cycle.

41
Q

Mass increase =

A

frequency decrease

42
Q

the longer the period, the ________ the wavelength.

A

longer

43
Q

F1 relates to :

A

The volume of the pharyngeal cavity

44
Q

Frequency of Energy

Most High

A

~ 4000 Hz +

/t/ /d/

45
Q

Spectrum:

A

A graph of amplitude and frequency. No time

46
Q

The lower the frequency, the __________the period.

A

longer

47
Q

Voiceless stops

A

Long VOT (25 – 100 ms)

48
Q

Front Vowels:

A

Large F1 – F2 separation

Higher F2

49
Q

W =

A

330 meters per second / Frequency

50
Q

Narrow Band

A

45-50 Hz

Harmonic

51
Q

Three dimensions of a spectragram

A
  1. time is the horizontal axis
  2. frequency is the vertical axis
  3. amplitude is represented by shades of darkness
52
Q

Complex Aperiodic:

A

A cycle of two or more frequencies that do not take the same amount of time to occur. Each cycle is different – they do not repeat.

53
Q

Lip retraction –

A

High front vowels

54
Q

As the tongue moves forward:

A

F2 moves up in pitch

55
Q

the greater the mass and the less the tension:

A

,the slower the VF will vibrate

56
Q

F2 relates to:

A

the volume of the oral cavity

57
Q

Frequency of Energy

Most Mid

A

~1500-4000 Hz

/k/ & /g/

58
Q

A line spectrum represents ___________that make up a ________________using _____________.

A

discrete frequencies

complex periodic sound

vertical lines

59
Q

Amplitude:

A

The maximum distance away from rest position that the molecule is displaced

60
Q

Back Vowels

A
  • Small F1 – F2 separation
  • Lower F2 frequency
61
Q

The higher the frequency, the

________ the wavelength.

A

shorter

62
Q

As the tongue goes down:

A

F1 moves up in pitch

63
Q

Vowels defined by:

A
  • Tongue height & Tongue advancement
  • Lip Rounding vs. Lip retraction Tense vs. Lax Tongue
  • Formant characteristics
64
Q

The human vocal tract is a:

A

quarter wave resonator

65
Q

High Vowels

A
  • Lower F1
  • F1 increases as tongue height decreases
66
Q

Formants are:

A
  • Vocal tract resonances
  • Their frequencies are formant frequencies
  • The most amplified harmonic frequencies after filtering
67
Q

An asymmetrical tube:

A

resonates a broader range offrequencies.

68
Q

Pure tones combine to create:

A

a complexperiodic sound

Speech Science (1 decks)

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