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323 Ground School > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main reason there is a difference between Rated HP of the engine and the FORCE that moves the plane forward?

A
  • Prop. Efficiency

- Friction forces cause energy to be lost in transition

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2
Q

What happens to ENGINE performance as ALTITUDE increases?

A

Increasing Altitude = Decreasing Engine Performance

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3
Q

What happens to overall AIRCRAFT performance as WEIGHT decreases?

A

Decreasing Weight = Better Performance

think about how increasing weight leads to increased AOA, which generates more drag

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4
Q

What are the 3 types of hydroplaning?

A
  1. Dynamic
  2. Viscous
  3. Reverted Rubber
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5
Q

Describe Dynamic Hydroplaning. What is its equation?

A
  • When your tires crawl up on top of water molecules

- 9 x Square Root of the Tire Pressure = Speed at which you’ll hydroplane

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6
Q

Will WEIGHT affect the speed at which your aircraft hits Dynamic Hydroplaning?

A

NOOOO!!!

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7
Q

Describe Viscous Hydroplaning. Where is this most likely to occur?

A
  • Slipperiness of the surface your landing on

- Most likely on wet, painted surfaces

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8
Q

Describe Reverted Rubber Hydroplaning. When is this likely to occur?

A
  • When you lock your tires, burn rubber and convert water on ground to steam
  • This creates a steam seal between tires and runway which supports the tire in being held off the runway
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9
Q

What 4 forces must the TAIL-DOWN FORCES equal in level flight?

A
  1. Pendulum Affect (thrust line)
  2. Lift to Weight/CG Coupling
  3. Fuselage Destabilization
  4. Wing Pressure Distribution
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10
Q

The tail is producing 315 lbs of negative stability.
The wing shape is producing 45 lbs of positive stability.
The fuselage shape is producing 155 lbs of positive stability.
The Thrust Line is producing 40 lbs of positive stability.
How much is the lift/weight coupling producing? Is this positive or negative?

A

Sum of all Forces = T - D - u(W - L)

315 - 45 - u(155 - 40)
Positive

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11
Q

What is L/D Max? What affects it?

A
  • An AOA! (Glide Angle)

- NOTHING changes L/D Max!

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12
Q

Define Range. How does it change with altitude?

A
  • How far you can go on 1 single load of fuel

- Increased altitude = increased range (due to thinner air)

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13
Q

Define Endurance. How does it change with altitude?

A
  • How long you can stay ALOFT

- Increased altitude = DECREASED endurance (due to thinner air)

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14
Q

As speed increases, what drag increases? What drag decreases?

A

Increased speed = Increased PARASITIC drag (by the square)

Increased speed = Decreased INDUCED drag

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15
Q

Explain each variable in the Sum of all Forces equation.

A

Sum of all Forces = Thrust - Drag - u(Weight - Lift)

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16
Q

What are the 3 variable for Air Density?

A

Temperature
Pressure
Humidity

17
Q

How does Temperature and Humidity affect Air Density?

A

Increased Temp = Decreased Density

Increased Humidity = Decreased Density

18
Q

How does Pressure affect Air Density?

A

Increased Pressure = Increased Density (think more weight of atmosphere pushing down)

19
Q

Explain how you can manipulate INERTIA by varying your approach angle? (draw pic if needed)

A

Steeper angle = reduced FORWARD acting component of inertia (shift this force downward)

20
Q

What is Newton’s 1st law? Be specific.

A
  • Objects in motion tend to stay in motion until a force acts upon them
  • UNBALANCED FORCES ex. when you throw a baseball, gravity is the reason the ball falls to the earth and stops vs. continuing in orbit
21
Q

What is Newton’s 2nd law? Be specific.

A
  • Acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force, in the same direction of the force, and in proportion with the mass of the object
22
Q

What is Newton’s 3rd law? Be specific.

A
  • For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
  • Differences in MASS are why we have acceleration in an unbalanced forces, even thought the size of the forces acting on both objects are equal
23
Q

List 12 ways to reduce landing distance AFTER TOUCHDOWN

A
  1. Aerodynamic braking
  2. Wheel braking
  3. Reverse pitch props/thrust reverse
  4. Spoilers
  5. Retracting flaps
  6. Landing into wind
  7. Landing uphill
  8. Dry runway
  9. Increase drag (pop doors open)
  10. Anti-lock brakes
24
Q

Explain hydroplaning. What variables are involved?

A

Speed
Tire PSI (lbs per square inch)
Runway conditions
Slipperiness

25
Q

What 4 things can you do PRIOR to touchdown to reduce landing distance?

A
  1. Slow down
  2. Steep AOA
  3. Flaps
  4. Reduced power setting

323 Ground School (3 decks)

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