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RUSVM Bacteriology > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Clostridium Spp.

  • Transmission
  • Aerobic/Anaerobic?
  • Common symptom
A
  • Spore forming and toxin producers
  • OBLIGATE ANAEROBES
  • Necrosis common
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2
Q

Clostridium Spp. effective and ineffective treatments

A
  • Do not respond to aminoglycosides

- Susceptible to Metronidazole

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3
Q

Histiotoxic Clostridium Spp.

A

1) C. chauvoei
2) C. novyi
3) C. septicum

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4
Q

C. botulinum

A
  • Botulism Food Poisoning
  • Aquatic birds eating maggots
  • Consumption of neurotoxin
  • Dx: Demonstration of toxin in serum/food
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5
Q

Type of paralysis caused by C. botulinum and MoA

A

Flaccid paralysis

-Blocks release of Ach

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6
Q

C. tetani

A
  • spore forming

- Soil & Environment: Wounds of animals produces neurotoxin (tetanospasmin)

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7
Q

C. tetani paralysis

A

Spastic paralysis

-blocks release of GABA

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8
Q

C. perfringens

A
  • Sheep and goats: enterotoxemia (Type D)
  • Piglets: Necrotizing Enteritis (type C)
  • Focal symmetrical and encephaomalacia
  • Pulpy kidney Dz
  • Many spp. (+poultry): necrotizing enteritis
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9
Q

C. dificile

A
  • Human and Monogastric Mammals: Colon/cecum
  • young are resistant
  • Risk: Recent ABx use, old age, hospitalization
  • Tox A (enterotoxin) and Tox B (cytotoxin)
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10
Q

C. spiroforme

A

Enterotoxic (rabbits)

  • Explosive Diarrhea Disease
  • Due to clindamycin, lincomycin, and erythromycin
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11
Q

C. piliforme

A

GRAM NEGATIVE!!!

  • Lab animals: Tyzzer’s Dz (GI)
  • Obligate intracellular –> no culture!
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12
Q

C. chauvoei

A

HISTOTOXIC

  • calves and sheep
  • black legs
  • gas accumulation
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13
Q

C. novyi

A

HISTOTOXIC

  • cattle and sheep
  • Gas gangrene (black dz)
  • Infectious necrotic hepatitis
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14
Q

C. septicum

A

HISTOTOXIC

  • Malignant edema
  • Sheep: Braxy (abomasal edema)
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15
Q

Diagnostic for Histotoxic Clostridium

A

DFA (Direct Fluorescent Antibody)

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16
Q

Clostridium botulinum disease name (Hint: not botulism)

A

Limber Neck

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17
Q

Spirochetes

A
  • Gram negative
  • Slender, helicaly coiled, spiral organism
  • Tight/Loose coiled morphology due to flagella in PERIPLASMIC space
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18
Q

Leptospira spp.

General features

A
  • Renal tubules of reservoir animals and humans
  • Trans: Direct contact w/ urine or contaminated H2O
  • Dx: blood and urine (PRC & FA) + Serum (MAT 4 fold increase)
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19
Q

Leptospira spp. in dogs

A

renal and hepatc injury –> icterus

-Vaccine: Serovar specific –> paradoxical reaction w/ titers

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20
Q

Leptospira spp. in Ruminants

A

Jaundice & MILK DROP syndrome

-Reproductive Failure

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21
Q

Lepto spp. in Horsses

A
  • Renal and repro failure
  • Uveitis
  • Systemic Foal Dz
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22
Q

Lepto spp. in Pigs

A

Repro failure (abortion and infertility)

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23
Q

Brachyspira Hyodysenteriae

  • Disease/Host
  • Can be confused with
A
  • Swine dysentary in actively growing pigs (6-12wk)

- Can be confused with salmonellosis

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24
Q

Brachyspira Hydodysenteriae

-MoA & Dz

A
  • Invades intestinal crypts –> pseudomembrane formation –> malabsorption
  • fibrinonectrotic pseudomembbranous colitis
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25
Q

Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

  • Location
  • Transmission
  • Dx
A
  • Lesions in CECUM/COLON
  • Transmission: Fecal-Oral route, carriers and vectors
  • Dx: PCR, Stain (Victoria Blue)
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26
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi

  • Disease/Host
  • Transmission
  • Signs
  • Tx
  • Vaccine
A
  • Lyme Dz: Humans, Dogs, Horses, Ruminants
  • Arthropod Vector
  • Fever, acute arthritis, lameness, and anorexia
  • Tx: Doxycycline
  • Vx: Not 100% effective, works on tick

-LPS and Outer Surface Proteins

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27
Q

Treponema Spp

Common names

A

Hairy Heel warts//Strawberry Foot Disease

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28
Q

Treponema Spp Dz

A

Papillomatous Digital Dermatitis (PPD)

-Growing cause of lameness of cows in the US dairy industry

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29
Q

Treponema Paraluis-cuniculi

  • Names
  • Lesions
  • Trans
A
  • Rabbit syphilis/vent disease
  • Perianal facial lesions
  • Transmission: venereal or direct contact
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30
Q

Rickettsiales treatment

A

Doxycycline, tetracycline, Macrolides

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31
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii

A
  • Endothelial cells: will cause vascullitis (pads willl start to die), edema, DIC
  • RMSF (Z!)
  • Dogs: severe necrosis on extremeties
  • Decrease platelets and leukocytes
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32
Q

Rickettsia felis

A

Transmission by cat flea (Z!)

Inapparent infections in cats

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33
Q

Psicirickettsia salmonis

A

(R)
Farmed fish (Chiles, Norway, Canada)
Difficult to control

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34
Q

Which three are in the typhus group

A

Rickettsia prowasekii
Rickettsia typhi
Orientia tsutsugamushi

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35
Q

Rickettsia prowasekii

A

Louse-borne rickettsia

All domestic animals

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36
Q

Rickettsia typhi

A

Murine typhus

Opossum/Flea cycle

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37
Q

Orientia tsutsugamushi

A

Scrub typhus

Chigger mites from rodents/birds

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38
Q

Anaplasma marginale/centrale

  • Species
  • Disease
  • Cell
A

REPORTABLE

  • Ruminants (old not resistant)
  • Anaplasmosis & Tick Fever (+Babesia)
  • Erythrocytes
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39
Q

Anaplasma phagocytophilum

  • Species
  • Disease
  • Cell
A
  • Horse/Rum/Dogs/Human
  • Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis
  • Granulocytes (Neutrophils)
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40
Q

Anaplasma platys

  • Species
  • Disease
  • Cell
A
  • Dogs
  • Infectious Cyclic Thrombocytopenia
  • Platelets
41
Q

Ehrlichia canis

  • Species
  • Disease
  • Cell
A
  • Dogs
  • Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis & Tropical Pancytopenia of Dogs
  • Monocytes & Endothelium
42
Q

Ehrlichia chafensis & Ehrlichia ewingii

  • Species
  • Disease
  • Cell
A

-Dogs/Humans
-Human granulocytiic ehrlichiosis
Granulocytes

43
Q

Ehrlichia ruminatium

  • Species
  • Disease
  • Cell
A
  • Ruminants REPORTABLE
  • Heartwater (Heart and Neuro)
  • Endothelium/Granulocytes
  • Heart full of fluid –> like vasculitis will cause leakage of fluid
44
Q

Neorickettsia helminthoeca

  • Species
  • Disease
  • Cells
A
  • Dogs
  • Salmon Poisoning Disease (N. salmincola fluke)
  • Mononuclear cells
  • Fever, hemorrhagic diarrhea, and lymphadenopathy
45
Q

Neorickettsia risticii

  • Species
  • Disease
A
  • Horses
  • Equine monocytic ehrlichiosis & Potomac Horse Fever
  • Necrotizing enterocolitis
46
Q

Neorickettsia risticii

  • Cell
  • Trans
  • Season
  • Dx
A
  • Epithelium, macrophages, and monocytes
  • Spread by trematode (IH: Snails/Flies @ water)
  • June to October
  • PCR
47
Q

Coxiella burnetii

A

REPORTABLE

  • Q Fever: rum/humans (endocarditis)
  • Arthropods/Airborne (endospore)
  • Epithelial cels
  • Lactating Mammary glands and uterus (abortions)
48
Q

Chlamydia spp.

A
  • Zoonotic
  • Obligate intracellular bacteria
  • Gram Neg Type Cell wall
  • Susceptible to tetracyclines
49
Q

Chlamydia Spp. Life Cycle

A

Dimorphic Life Cycle:

  • -Reticulate body: intracellular replicating form
  • -Elementary body: extracellular dormant form
50
Q

Chlamydia abortus

A
  • Enzootic abortion in sheep and goats
  • Shed in placenta
  • Transmitted: venereal, ingestion aerosol
  • Placentitis: Necrotizing cotyledons
51
Q

Chlamydia felis

A

Feline pneumonitis

  • Infection common in cats
  • Conjunctivitis and chemosis
52
Q

Chlamydia pecorum

A

Stiff lamb disease: polyarthritis in lambs and calves

-sporadic bovine encephalomyelitis (SBE)

53
Q

Chlamydia psittaci

A

REPORTABLE/ZOONOTIC

  • Avian Chlamydiosis, parrot fever
  • Shedding activated by stress
  • Respiratory signs in birds
54
Q

Mycoplasma (AKA Mollicutes)

Features

A

NO CELL WALL:

- No gram staining
- Not susceptible to penicillin
- Susceptible to drying
- Pleomorphic
55
Q

Mycoplasma

  • Where?
  • Transmission
  • Diagnostics
  • Treatment
A
  • Mucous membranes: resp and repro
  • Persistent infections
  • Transmission: Close contact
  • Specialized cultures: PCR, MALDI TOF
  • Tx: Macrolides, tetracyclines, lincosamides, or fluoroquinolone
56
Q

Reportable Mycoplasma and Host

A
  • M. galliseptcum (Birds)
  • M. synoviae (Birds)
  • M. capricolum (Sheep/Goats)
  • M. agalctiae/putrefaciens (Sheep/Goats)
  • M. mycoides sbsp mycoides (Cattle)
57
Q

M. mycoides subsp mycoides (small colony variant)

A

REPORTABLE
Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia
Exotic and reportable
*most virulent in cattle

58
Q

M. bovis

A

cattle

  • bronchopneumonia (bovine resp disease complex)
  • Mastitis (Supramammary l.n. enlarged)
  • arthritis
59
Q

Ureaplasma diverum (mycoplasma)

A

Cattle

  • Granular vlvovaginitis
  • Urease toxin
  • Seminal vesiculitis in bulls
60
Q

M. bovigenitalum

A

Cattle

  • Commensal
  • Mastitis/Urogenital tract infection
61
Q

M. bovoculi

A

Cattle

-conjunctivits

62
Q

M. capricolum subsp capripneumoniae

A

Sheep/Goats
REPORTABLE
-Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia
-Fatal disease

63
Q

M. capricolum subsp capricolum

A

non-fatal disease

sheep/goats

64
Q

M. agalactiae/putrefaciens

A 
Sheep/Goats
REPORTABLE
-Contagious agalactiae 
-Febrile mastitis
-arthritis and conjunctivitis
65
Q

M. mycoides subs mycoides (lg colony variant)

A

SHEEP and GOATS

  • Mastitis
  • Pneumonia
  • arthritis
  • fatal septicemia in young
66
Q

M. mycoides subsp capri

A

Sheep/Goats

pleuropneumonia

67
Q

M. hyopneumoniae

A

Pigs

  • Enzootic pneumonia
  • Chronic respiratory dz in weaner-grower pigs
  • Mitogenic activity produces hyperplasia BALT
  • Vaccine Available
68
Q

M. hyorhinis

A

Pigs

Polyserositis

69
Q

M. hyosynoviae

A

Pigs

Polyarthritis

70
Q

M. suis

A

Pigs

Anemia

71
Q

M. gallisepticum

A

REPORT/Birds

  • Chronic respiratory dz
  • Turkeys: respiratory sinusitis
  • decreased egg production
72
Q

M. synoviae

A

REPORT/Birds

  • Synovitis
  • Lameness, swelling of joins, stunted growth
73
Q

M. meleagridis/iowae

A

birds

respiratory dz

74
Q

Which mycoplasma is important in horses?

A

M. felis

75
Q

Which mycoplasma is important in felines?

A

M. haemofelis

76
Q

M. felis

A

associated mild lower airway disease/pleural effusion in horses
(also affects cats)

77
Q

M. haemofelis

A

Feline Infectious Anemia

  • Affects RBCs
  • Fever, anemia, depression, icterus, weakness
  • RISK FACTORS: Splenectomy/immunosuppresion
78
Q

Which campylobacter did we discuss being zoonotic

A

C. jejuni

79
Q

Campylobacter fetus subsp venerealis

A 
REPORTABLE
-Bovine venereal campylobacteriosis
-Endometritis and abortions
Prepucial crypts in bulls (no dz in bulls)
-STD: AI Transmission
80
Q

Campylobacter fetus subsp fetus

A
  • Placentitis and sheep abortion storm
  • Intestinal tract and gall bladder
  • Ovine genital campylobacteriosis: inflammation of placenta and abortions
  • NECROTIC DONUT SHAPED LESIONS IN FETAL LIVER
  • Cattle: occasional abortions
81
Q

Campylobacter jejuni

A

ZOONOTIC

  • Enteric dz in dogs/cats/poultry
  • Abortions in ruminants (Due to bacteriemia)
  • Transmission PO or Fecal-oral; Humans: Contaminated poultry
  • Dx: culture/PCR
82
Q

Dog/Cat Dermatophytes

A
  • Ringworm
  • Parasitizing only keratinized epidermal structures
  • Produce macronidia IN CULTURE
  • Dx: Woods lamp (M. canis only), DTM, SabDex
  • Lime sulfur, miconazole shampoo, oral antifungals
83
Q

Three genera of Dermatophytes and Tx

A

1) Microsporum
2) Epidermophyton
3) Trichophyton
Tx: Griseofulvin

84
Q

Equine dermatophyte spp

A
  • T. equinum

- M. canis (young horses)

85
Q

Cattle dermatophyte spp

A

T verrucosum (Calves)

86
Q

Pig dermatophyte spp

A

M. nanum (no age predilection- uncommon)

87
Q

Poultry dermatophyte spp

A

M. gallinae (favus- combs and wattles)

88
Q

Three spp of pathogenic yeast

A

Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Malassezia pachydermatis

89
Q

Candida albicans

A 
Yeast
Worldwide: lots of animals and humans
-Intestinal/genital tracts (moisture)
-Germ tube formation
-transition to pseudohyphae form for tissue invasion
-Poultry: sour crop
90
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans

A

Yeast

  • Cats (and other animals)
  • PIGEON FECES
  • Rhinitis, nasal granulomas, Cat CNS, oculuar and cutaneous infections
  • Large capsule and narrow neck when budding
91
Q

Malassezia pacchydermatis

A

YEAST

  • Otitis externa
  • Dermatitis
  • Feline chin acne
  • Peanut shaped yeast
92
Q

Sporothrix schenckii (Dimorphic fungii)

A
  • Rose handler’s disease (Z!)
  • Cats, horses (lymphatics), and dogs worldwide
  • SubQ nodules and ulcerations
  • Cigar shaped yeast
93
Q

Coccidiodes immitis (Dimorphic fungii)

A
  • Valley fever (SW US)
  • Dogs, horses, cats
  • Primary: Lungs
  • Secondary: Bones
  • Cats: skin lesions more prominent
  • Dogs: dsseminated disease
94
Q

Blastomyces dermatitidis (dimorphic fungi)

A

Dogs, cats & horses + HUMANS (Z!)

  • East N. Am.
  • Primary: Lungs
  • Secondary: eyes and skin (spread to lymph)
  • Broad budding
95
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum var capsulatum (dimorphic fungi)

A

Dogs, cats from Bird/Bat feces

  • Intracellular in phagocytes
  • Mississippi/Ohio River Valley
  • Primary: lungs
  • Secondary: GI (dogs)
96
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum var farciminosum (dimorphic fungi)

A
  • Epizootic lymphangitis
  • African horse farcy
  • Horses in Africa: skin lymphatics on legs and neck
97
Q

Phythium insidiosum and Lagenidium

Fungal-like organisms

A

Cutaneous pythiosis/swamp cancer

  • Horses: cutaneous
  • Dogs: Cutaneous and intestinal
98
Q

Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Fungal-like organisms)

A
  • Amphibian chytrid fungus

- Skin of amphibians- attack keratinized structures (vent) leading to suffocation and death

99
Q

Prototheca (algae)

A

Dogs

  • Hemorrhagic enteritis
  • Tx is different and difficult

RUSVM Bacteriology (2 decks)

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