Exam 3 Flashcards
Norman’s
Descended from Norse raiders (including Vikings)
Famed for martial spirit and pro catholic piety
First Norman ruler
William
Used administration and force to command allegiance
Henry approached kingship with focusing on gov rather than warfare by
Local administration,
Henry 2nd
Restored grandfather Williams administration
Organized trusted men into juries
Easier for common people to seek justice in royal courts
Predecessor to our modern legal systems
Henry 2nd conflict with the church
Royal justice began to impinge on esslesiastical courts
Declared that churchmen convicted of serious crimes to be stripped of position and handed over to royal court
Henry’s two sons
- Richard “The Lionheart.” 1189-99
Crusaded for fun, almost bankrupted kingdom
-John 1199-1216
More efficient administrator, but heavy military losses angers most of powerful lords of England
His answer was to raise taxes without asking anyone, made everyone angry
Manga Carta, 1215
Established multiple principles that still undergird modern English law
The kind should levy no taxes without people’s consent
No free man should be punished until judged guilty, establishment of parliament
Idea that the king was subject to rule of law
Emergence of France
Though small, rich center of agriculture and trade
Royal patronage of the arts, new university in Paris founded by aberland
Phillip 2nd 1180-1223
First to use title “king of France.”
Fredrick Barbarossa & HRE aka “Red Beard.” (1152-90)
Coined the term “Holy Roman Empire.”
Asserted holiness derived directly from God and did not depend on blessing of Pope
Attempted to bypass papacy with “anti popes.”
Pope Alexander 3rd, struck bargain with mutual concession of authority within certain regions
Barbarossa was killed on crusade
HRE Fredrick 11 & Fragmentation of imperial power
Fredrick 11- devoted to pursuing grandfathers policies
1237, asserted right to rule in northern Italian peninsula directly , bypassing their local gov, started war that continue until his death
Papacy excommunicated him and denied his entire family their rights within the church
Last legitimate son died in 1254, prospect of effective imperial rule died with him.
Reconquest of Spain
Successful alliances forged among peninsulas christian rulers and defeat of neighboring Muslim kingdoms
Contemtualizing the struggle as holy war allowed propagandists to cast it as another crusade and win support for efforts
Kings of Spain struggled to control power of the great lords
Development of canon law
Codification if papal drecrews and decisions of church councils, formed a body of legal precedents known as canans
Crusades
In centuries following first crusade, violence could be directed toward any people deemed enemies of Christ
Fragile principalities known as crusader states popped up in wake
Crusader states
Edessa - absorbed into Turkish empire
Antioch- absorbed into Antioch and edessa to Jerusalem
Jerusalem
