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PSY 205 Exam 3 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

personality

A

an individual’s unique set of behavioral traits

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2
Q

factor analysis

A

correlations among many variables that are analyzed to identify closely related clusters of variables

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3
Q

5 factor model or personality traits

A

robert mcCrae and Paul Costa

agreeableness
neuroticism
extraversion
openness to experience
conscientiousness
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4
Q

Freud’s psychoanayltic theory

A

the id, ego, and superego

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5
Q

id

A

the primitive, instinctive component of personality that operates according to the pleasure principle (immediate gratifcation)

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6
Q

ego

A

decision making component of personality that operates according to the reality principle (delaying the ids urge for instant gratification)

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7
Q

superego

A

moral component of personality that incorporates social standards about what represents right and wrong

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8
Q

levels of awareness

A

conscious
preconscious
unconscious

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9
Q

conscious

A

whatever one is aware of at a particular point in time

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10
Q

preconscious

A

material that is just beneath the surface of awareness that can easily be retrieved

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11
Q

unconscious

A

thoughts, memories, and desires that are well below the conscious level but exert great influence on behavior

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12
Q

defense mechanisms

A

largely unconscious reactions that protect a person from an unpleasant emotion

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13
Q

repression

A

keeping thoughts in the unconscious

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14
Q

projections

A

attributing ones thoughts to another person

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15
Q

displacement

A

diverting emotions to a new target

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16
Q

reaction formation

A

behaving opposite of feelings

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17
Q

regression

A

reversion to immature behavior

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18
Q

rationalization

A

creating false yet plausible excuses to justify

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19
Q

identification

A

bolstering self esteem by formation gan imaginary alliance

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20
Q

psychosexual stages

A 
oral
anal
phallic
latency
genital
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21
Q

fixation

A

failure to move forward from one stage to another

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22
Q

archetypes

A

emotionally charged images and thought forms that have universal meaning

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23
Q

collective unconscious

A

storehouse of latent memory that trace to your inherited ancestral past

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24
Q

compensation

A

effort to overcome imagined or real inferiorities by developing ones abilites

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25
Q

birth order

A

effects personality traits and formations (Adler)

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26
Q

Skinner and personality

A

determinism
response tendencies acquired via experience
personality is a collection of response tendencies tied to various stimuli situations
operant conditioning

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27
Q

determinism

A

behavior is solely determined by external stumuli

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28
Q

bandura: social cognitive theory

A

personality is shaped though learning because people are actively seeking out information and processing information to maximize favorable outcomes
observational learning
self efficacy

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29
Q

self efficacy

A

ones belief about ones ability to perform behaviors that lead to the expected outcomes

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30
Q

Mischel: person-situaiton controversy

A

people make response to what they think will reinforce the situation at hand
people behave differently in different situation

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31
Q

humanism

A

theoretical orientation that emphasizes the unique qualities of humans, especially their freedom and their potential for personal growth

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32
Q

Carl Roger’s self centered Theory

A

a collection of beliefs about ones own nature, unique qualities and typical behavior

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33
Q

Abraham Maslow

A

hierarchy of needs and self actualization

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34
Q

Eysencks theory

A

personality is shaped by genetics

some people can be conditioned more easily than others

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35
Q

social pscyhology

A

the way individuals thoughts feelings and behavior are influenced by others

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36
Q

person perception

A

process of forming impressions of others

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37
Q

stereotypes

A

widely held beliefs that people have certain characteristics bc of their membership in a particular group

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38
Q

illusory correlation

A

people estimate they have encountered ore confirmations of an association between social traits than they have actually seen

39
Q

ingroup

A

a group one belongs to and identities with

40
Q

outgroup

A

a group one does not belong or identity with

41
Q

attributions

A

inferences people draw about the cause of events, others behavior and their own behavior

42
Q

internal attributions

A

ascribe the cases of behavior to personal disposition,, traits, etc.

43
Q

external attributions

A

ascribe the causes of behavior to situational demands and environmental constraints

44
Q

fundamental attribution error

A

observer bias in favor of internal attributions in explaining others behavior

45
Q

self serving bias

A

attributing ones success to personal factors and ones failure to situational factors

46
Q

conformity

A

people yield to real or imagined social pressure

47
Q

Solomon Asch

A

large card w vertical line
which line matches
6/7 in each group were an accomplice to the experimenter
37% conformity

as group numbers increase conformity will increase

48
Q

information influence

A

people look to others for guidance about how to behave in ambiguous decision making

49
Q

obedience

A

a form of compliance that occurs when people follow direct commands

50
Q

Milgram’s study

A

subject=teacher
experimenter=learner
strap learner to the chair and each question wrong they were given a shock and shock would increase each time
teachers were fearful yet compliant

51
Q

Zimbardos Stanford Prison Study

A

simulated a prison setting
confrontations arose
cruelness was extreme

52
Q

social roles

A

widely shared expectations on how people should act in certain positions

53
Q

bystander effect

A

people are less likely to help someone in need in a larger crowd than when alone

54
Q

Clinical psychologist

A

diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and everyday behavioral issues

55
Q

pscyhiatrist

A

diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders

56
Q

insight therapy

A

verbal interactions intended to enhance clients self knowledge and promote healthy change in personality and behavior

57
Q

psychoanalysis

A

emphasizes record of unconscious conflict, motives, and defenses through free association and transference

58
Q

client centered therapy

A

supportive emotional climate where clients set the pace

59
Q

group therapy

A

simultaneous treatment of several clients in a group

60
Q

behavior therapy

A

application of principles of learning and conditioning to direct effects to change clients maladaptive behavior

61
Q

systematic desentization

A

reduces phobic response

62
Q

cognitive therapy

A

specific strategies to correct habitual thinking errors that underlie various types of disorders

63
Q

cognitive behavioral therapy

A

combo of verbal intervention and behavior modifying technique to change maladaptive thinking

64
Q

biomedical therapy

A

physiological interventions intended to reduce symptoms associated with psycho disorders

65
Q

electroconvulsion therapy

A

biomedical treatment where electric shock is used to produce cortical seizure accompanied by convulsion

66
Q

medical model

A

useful to think of abnormal behavior as a disease

67
Q

diagnosis

A

distinguishing one illness from other

68
Q

etiology

A

apparent causation and developmental history of the illness

69
Q

prognosis

A

forecase of probable course

70
Q

criteria for abnormal behavior

A

deviance from the norm
maladaptive behavior
personal distress

71
Q

diagnosis and statistic manual of mental disorders

A

elaborate system of classifying mental disorders

72
Q

generalized anxiety disorder

A

chronic, high level anxiety the is not tied to any specific threat

73
Q

specific phobia

A

persistent and irrational fear of something that presents no realistic danger

74
Q

panic disorder

A

recurrent attacks of overwhelming anxiety that usually occur suddenly and unexpectantly

75
Q

Agoraphobia

A

fear of going to in public places

76
Q

OCD

A

persistent uncontrollable intrusions of unwanted thoughts and urges to engage in senseless rituals

77
Q

PTSD

A

enduring psychological disturbance attributed to the experience of trauma

78
Q

dissociative amnesia

A

sudden loss of memory for important personal info that i stop extensive to be due to normal forgetting

79
Q

dissociative identity disorder

A

disruption of identity marked by the experience of 2 or more largely complete and different personalities

80
Q

Major depressive disorder

A

people show persistent feelings of sadness and despair and a loss of interest in previous sources of pleasure

81
Q

bipolar disorder

A

experience of depressed and manic periods

82
Q

anhedonia

A

inability to experience pleasure

83
Q

dysthymia

A

mid-long term depression

84
Q

schizophrenia

A

delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking and speech, and deterioration of adaptive behavior

85
Q

delusion

A

clear beliefs that are maintained even though they are clearly our of touch with reality

86
Q

hallucination

A

sensory perceptions that occur in absence of real external stimuli or gross perceptions of distortion

87
Q

personality disorder

A

extreme, inflexible personality traits that cause subjective distress or impaired social and occupational funcitoning

88
Q

antisocial personality disorder

A

impulsive, callous, manipulative , aggressive, irresponsible behavior

89
Q

borderline pd

A

instability in social relationships, self image and emotional functioning

90
Q

narcissistic pd

A

grandiose sense of self image and importance and entitlement and need for attention and admiration

91
Q

eating disorder

A

severe disturbance in eating characterized by preoccupation w weight control

92
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

intense fear of weight gain, disturbed body image and refusal to maintain normal weight, use of weigh loss to dangerous measures

93
Q

bullimia nervosa

A

habitually engaging in out of control binge eating followed by unhealthy compensatory efforts

94
Q

binge eating

A

distress induced eating binges not accompanied w compensatory efforts

PSY 205 Exam 3 (1 decks)

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