Exam 3 Flashcards by Jennifer Self

Anatomical orientation term “midline”

Central

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Label these body planes

Frontal plane
Transverse plane
Sagittal plan

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Identify the indicated structure and its function

Allantois - removes waste

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Compare/Contrast complete and incomplete digestive system

Incomplete digestive system - one opening; digestive system with a mouth and a gastrovascular cavity (GVC)

Complete digestive system - two openings; digestive system with a mouth, gut, and an anus

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Identify this structure

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In protostomes the blastopore forms the ________

mouth

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What type of skeletal system, if any, is present in Annelida (earthworms)

Hydrostatic skeleton (water)

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* When looking at the aboral side (ambulacral groove/tube feet facing down) of the starfish, the pyloric stomach will be on top and the cardiac stomach will be underneath.

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What structure is indicated by the #4

Siphon

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The nutritive tissue for the embryo; found in flowering plant seeds

Endosperm

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The outermost membrane that surounds an embryo

Chorion

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Stinging cell used in defense and prey capture
In what phylum is this structure found

Cnidocyte
Cnidaria

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A group of vertebrates that have a mouth with jaws

Gnathostomes

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Divides the body into anterior and posterior portions

Frontal plane (coronal)

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What stage of development is pictured

Plant Development

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To what Phylum does this organism belong
Is this organism free living or parasitic

Label the structures

Phylum Platyhelminthes
Free living

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Identify this structure and its function

Function: To pump blood throughout the body

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Label this structure and its function
What Phylum in this structure found

Spongin forms the skeleton of some sponges and is found in Phylum Porifera

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What stage of development is pictured

Plant Development

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Starting with the mouth, list in order the structures that an earthworm uses in digestion

(how does food travel through the body)

Mouth

Pharynx

Esophagus

crop

gizzard

intestine

anus

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Anatomical orientation term for "head"

Cephalic

Label the structure indicated by the pointer

Identify this structure

What stage of development is pictured

Plant Development

Identify the indicated structure

Gonad

Label each letter and Identify the functions of letters D and E

A. Head B. Thorax C. Abdomen D. Spiracles - Used in gas exchange (respiration) E. Ovipositer - Found on females; lays eggs

Where is the beak located on the loligo (squid)

The beak can be found near the mouth surrounded by the arms of the loligo and recognized by its location and its hard surface

Identify the indicated structure

Digestive gland / Hepatic Caeca

Label the structure indicated by the pointer

Label region A What structure covers region A Label appendage B

A. Cephalothorax - covered by the carapace B. Chileped

1. To what Phylum does this organism belong 2. What body type is exhibited by this organism

1. Phylum Cnidaria 2. Polyp

Compare/Contrast between free-living, parasitic and sessile

**Free-living** - can survive independantly; Does not need a host or attachment to a substrate **Parasitic** - Requires a host to complete its lifecyle **Sessile** - Attaches to a substrate and does not move about freely

How does the coelome form in a protostome

Schizocoelous - The coelome forms from a tear in the tissue

A. 4 Cell B. 2 Cell

Identify this structure

List the general features of Phylum Echinodermata

Complete digestive tract Radial symmetry Coelom Triploblastic Deuterostome Water vascular system Reduced organs Ossicles

To what Phylum do these organisms belong

Phylum Cnidaria

What is the function of a somite/metamere in Phylum Annelida

Metameres are repeating body segments with repeating body organs. If one metamere/somite is lost or damaged the organs located in the other metameres can continue to carry out the function

Having a body derived from only two embryonic cell layers (ectoderm and endoderm)

Diploblastic

What type of body plan is exhibited by this Cnidarian

Medusa

Which of the follow groups does this organism belong to (more than one may apply) * Chordates * Craniates * Vertebrates * Gnathostomes * Tetrapods * Amniotes

None This "worm" belongs to the Phylum (Annelida)

Label the orientation of both starfish and identify the two indicated structures

In what order does the water flow through the water vascular system of a starfish

Madreporite Stone Canal Ring Canal Radial Canal Lateral Canal Ampulla Tube feet

Label these appendages

A. Walking legs B. Swimmerets

Which of the follow groups does this organism belong to (more than one may apply) * Chordates * Craniates * Vertebrates * Gnathostomes * Tetrapods * Amniotes

None This starfish belongs to the Phylum Echinodermata

1. To what Phylum does this organism belong 2. Is this organism free living or parasitic

1. Phylum Annelida 2. Parasite (leech)

Protostomes have what type of cell development

Determinant development | (cell fate is determined early on)

Which of the follow groups does this organism belong to (more than one may apply) * Chordates * Craniates * Vertebrates * Gnathostomes * Tetrapods * Amniotes

None This crayfish belongs to the Phylum Arthropoda

Which of the follow groups does this organism belong to (more than one may apply) * Chordates * Craniates * Vertebrates * Gnathostomes * Tetrapods * Amniotes

Chordates Craniates Vertebrates Gnathostomes Tetrapods

Label the grasshopper mouthparts

1. To what Phylum does this organism belong 2. What type of body cavity is exhibited by this organism 3. Is this organism free living or parasitic

1. Phylum Platyhelminthes 2. Acoelomate - no true body cavity 3. free living

Label structure #1 and its function

Suprapharyngeal ganglion are part of the nervous system

Label the structure indicated by the pointer

Deuterostomes have what type of cell developement

Indeterminate development | (cell fate is determined later)

How does the coelome form in a deuterostome

Enterocelous - The coelome developes as an outpocketing of the GI tract

Green gland

What stage of development is pictured

Plant Development

A. Abdomen B. Uropod

Compare/Contrast radial and bilateral symmetry

Label the structure indicated by the arrow

Pseudohearts

List the general features of Phylum Arthropoda

Complete digestive tract Bilateral symmetry Coelom Triploblastic Protostome Molting Jointed appendages Tagmata Chitinous exoskeleton Metamorphosis Open circulatory system (hemocoel)

Organisms that have no true body cavity

acoelomates

Anatomical orientation term "rear end"

Posterior

What is the amnion and its function

The amnion is a fluid filled sac that surrounds the growing fetus and provides protection by absorbing shock

Identify this structure and its function

Function: To pump blood throughout the body

Which of the follow groups does this organism belong to (more than one may apply) * Chordates * Craniates * Vertebrates * Gnathostomes * Tetrapods * Amniotes

None This Loligo (squid) belongs to the Phylum Mollusca

Which of the follow groups does this organism belong to (more than one may apply) * Chordates * Craniates * Vertebrates * Gnathostomes * Tetrapods * Amniotes

None This "worm" belongs to the Phylum Nematoda

Slow block that forms around a fertilized egg to prevent multiple fertilization

fertilization membrane

Anatomical orientation term "to the side"

Lateral

What stage of development is pictured

Plant Development

Having a body derived from three embryonic cell layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm)

Triploblastic

Anatomical orientation term for "foot"

Pedal

Anatomical orientation term for "tail"

Caudal

What structure is indicated by the letter B

Digestive gland

What structures are indicated by A and B

A. Foot B. Gills

List the general features of Phylum Mollusca

Complete digestive tract Bilateral symmetry Coelom Triploblastic Protostome Muscular foot (locomotion) Radula (feeding structure) Mantle Gills

Anatomical orientation term pertaining to the "back"

Dorsal

What four processes occur during development

1. Cell devision 2. Cell migration 3. Cell differentiation 4. Apoptosis - controlled cell death

What Phylum exhibits a loss of body cavity (acoelomates)

Platyhelminthes

Oganisms that have a true body cavity

coelomates

Anatomical orientation term "below" or "toward feet"

Inferior

What structure is indicated by #6

Arms

Morula

Anatomical orientation term "toward imaginary midline"

Medial

To what Phylum does this organism belong

Phylum Porifera

Identify the structure marked by the letter A and describe the orientation of the clam

A: Umbo \*Hint: The umbo curves towards the anterior portion of the clam

In deuterostomes the blastopore forms the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

anus

Label the structure indicated by the pointer

label the structure indicated by the pointer

1. Identify this structure and its function 2. In which Phylum can this structure be found 3. Is this structure silicious or calcarious

1. Spicules function to provide support to sponges 2. Phylum Porifera 3. Calcarious spicule

Lengthwise cut that devides the body into left and righ halves

Sagittal plane (medial)

Distinguish between the left and right valve

Deuterostomes have what type of cleavage pattern

Radial

What structure is used in waste elimination among Annalids

protonephridia

List the general features of Phylum Cnidaria

Diploblastic Radial Symmetry GVC Dimorphic (poly/medusa) Dioecious Cnidocytes

Green gland

1. To what Phylum does this organism belong 2. Is this organism free living or parasitic 3. Is this organism monoecious or dioecious

1. Phylum Platyhelminthes 2. Parasite 3. monoecious - has both male and female reproductive organs

List the general features of Phylum Annelida

Complete digestive tract Bilateral symmetry Coelom Triploblastic Protostome Metamarism Setae

Anatomical orientation term "nearest surface"

peripheral

List the general features of Phylum Nematoda

Complete digestive tract Bilateral symmetry Pseudocoelom Triploblastic Protostome Molting Longitudinal muscles only Hydrostatic skeleton

Identify the following structures

What structure is indicated by #7

Tentacles

Anatomical orientation term "above" or "closer to head"

Superior

Anatomical orientation term for "leg"

cural

Identify this structure

Anatomical orientation term for abdomen

Celiac

What structure is #8 and what is it's function

Septa/septum separate each metamere

Dimorphism is exhibited by which Phylum

Cnidarians have two different body plans (polyp and medusa)

List the general features of Phylum Platyhelminthes

GVC Bilateral symmetry Loss of Coelom (acoelomates) Triploblastic Protostome free living and parasitic Monoecious/hermaphroditic

What structure is indicated by arrow #5

Dorsal blood vessel

What structure is indicated by #1

Mantle

1. Identify the Phylum that this organism belongs to 2. What type of body cavity is exhibited in this organism

1. Phylum Nematoda 2. Pseudocoelom - false body cavity

Anatomical orientation term for "mouth"

Oral

What 5 features make up the Chordates

1. Dorsal, hollow nerve cord 2. Pharyngeal gill slits 3. Post-anal tail 4. Notochord 5. Endostyle

What type of body plan is exhibited by this Cnidarian

Polyp

Protective membrane that surrounds the heart

Pericardium

1. What type of proglottid is seen in this Taenia 2. To what Phylum does this organism belong 3. What type of body cavity is exhibited by this organism

1. Mature Proglottid 2. Phylum Platyhelminthes 3. acoelomate - no true body cavity

Label the structure indicated by the pointer

1. To what Phylum does this organism belong 2. Is this organism free living or parasitic

1. Phylum Platyhelminthes 2. Parasite

Which of the follow groups does this organism belong to (more than one may apply) * Chordates * Craniates * Vertebrates * Gnathostomes * Tetrapods * Amniotes

Chordates Craniates Vertebrates Gnathostomes Tetrapods Amniotes

Which phylums exhibit radial symmetry

Cnidaria Echinodermata

Which of the follow groups does this organism belong to (more than one may apply) * Chordates * Craniates * Vertebrates * Gnathostomes * Tetrapods * Amniotes

Chordates Craniates Vetebrates Gnathostomes

1. To what Phylum does this organism belong 2. Is this organism free living or parasitic 3. Is this organism monoecious or dioecious

1. Phylum Platyhelminthes 2. Parasite 3. Monoecious

Protostomes have what type of cleavage pattern

Spiral

Anatomical orientation term pertaining to the "underside"

Ventral

Identify the following structures * Pharynx * Ovary * Uterus (eggs) * Testis * Yolk gland

2 - Pharynx 7 - Ovary 6 - Uterus 14 - Testis 12 - Yolk glands

Animals that possess a skull

Craniates

Do members belonging to Phylum Porifera have a complete digestive tract

No, they are filter feeders with a spongocoel

Identify this structure

1. To what Phylum does this organism belong 2. Identify structure A, is it a feeding or reproductive stucture 3. Identify structure B, is is a feeding or reproductive structure

1. Phylum Cnidaria 2. A- The hydranth is a feeding structure 3. B - The gogangium is a reproductive structure

4 footed terrestrial animals

Tetrapods (Amphibians, Reptiles, Mammals, and Birds)

Oganisms that have a false body cavity

pseudocoelomates

Identify the regions indicated by the letters A and B What structure separates the two regions

A : Thorax B : Abdomen The thorax and abdomen are separated by the diaphragm

What structure is indicated by arrow #6 and what is the function

Seminal Vessicles - sperm production

1. Identify the Phylum that this organism belongs to 2. What is the term used to identify this organisms repeating body segments 3. What structure separates the different segments 4. What type of body cavity is present in this organism