exam 3 Flashcards
examples of innate behavior
preprogrammed. courtship/mating. web spinning
preprogrammed is advantageous for
animals w/short life spans & no parental care
two types of orientation behavior
kenesis & taxis
examples of kinesis
pillbugs like humid areas so they wiggle around to find humid areas
examples of taxis
photo taxis is when a bug goes toward the light (positive taxis)
what does a digger wasp do when you move its prey?
drag cricket back to the nest entrance
examples of protective behavior
escaping, secretions, autotomy, reflex immobility, reflect bleeding, sonic behavior
reflex immobility
playing dead (beetles)
reflex bleeding
blood with toxic substances (ladybug)
sonic behavior
moths- ultrasonic to warn bats
4 types of learning
habituation, associative learning, imprinting, latent behavior
can insects figure out how to use tools?
yes: Weaver ants & Ground nesting solitary wasp
4 types of olfactory chemicals
pheromones, kairomones, allomones, synomones
pheromones
substance secreted externally to attract the same species
kairomones
substance secreted to attract different species that is beneficial to receiver
allamone
chemical substance produced and released for different species but beneficial to sender
synomone
chemical compound produced and released to get a response from a different species but beneficial to both species
4 types of pheromones
sex, aggregation, alarm, trail
example of how kairomone is used
ponderosa pine tree and western pine beetle
two types of allomones
defense and predatory
example of an ilicit receiver that uses chemical cues
predatory beetles that feed on bark beetles
example of an illicit sender that uses chemical cues
bolas spiders emitting chemicals that mimic moths sex pheremone
do humans use chemical communication
yes, in sweat and periods
what is bioluminescence
when an insect produces light
how do different species of fireflies communicate
each species has its own specific flash code.
give an example of aggressive mimicry
crickets give an aggressive call to warn other males intruding on their territory
what is stridulation
noise made by rubbing bod parts together (crickets & katydids)
what are satellite males
male crickets that don’t sing, instead they are attracted to the songs of other males
how do cicadas make noise
a tymbal organ
what is a tactile communicatoin
communication by touching/feeling with antennae & mouthparts
name four ways insects can become pests
new crop, accidentally introduced to a new region, chemical insecticides cause pest problems, human attitudes
example of new crop causing insects to be pests
colorado potato beetle– farmers planted potatoes and beetles loved it
example of an insect accidentally becoming a pest
the japanese beetle was introduced to New Jersey
example of how chemical insecticides cause pest problems
kills pests but all kills the pests natural enemies
how do human attitudes cause insects to become pests
demand for cosmetically perfect and pest free food
name 8 ways we can deal with insect pests
- chemical insecticides
- crop rotation
- host plant resistance
- GMOs
- biological control
- insect growth regulators
- mating disruption
- mechanical and physical control
pros and cons of chemical insecticides
most kill a wide variety of insects but some act as nerve poisons (paris green and ddt)
pros and cons of crop rotation
reports of larval damage in rotated cornfields but has worked for many years
pros and cons of host plant resistance
affect insect growth/survival but plant can tolerate it
pros and cons of GMO’s
helps with the production of insulin for diabetics and modified to resist virus
pros and cons of biological control
grow and release natural enemies but threatened to destroy citrus crops
pros and cons of insect growth regulators
doesn’t allow insects to reach adult stage
pros and cons of mating disruption
confuses male moths to where they cannot find the female to mate with
pros and cons of mechanical and physical control
bug zappers, ultrasonic devices
where did the asian long horned beetle come from
pupae in solid wood packing material from china
what damage do the asian long horned beetle do?
larvae tunnel deep into wood of many kinds of trees and kills them (maples)
how did gypsy moths get to the US
brought from europe because people wanted to use them in silk production
why are gypsy moths so destructive
caterpillars feed on several hundred species of trees
how do moths spread
accidental movement because female moths cannot fly
preventative drugs for mosquito
artemisinin and quinine
diseases mosquitos transfer
yellow fever, dengue, west nile virus, chickengunya, zika
diseases ticks transfer
lyme disease, rocky mountain spotted fever,
malaria symptoms
fever, chills, sweating, headaches, muscle pains
yellow fever symptoms
VIRUS, fever, chills, nauseas. panama canal
break bone fever (dengue)
VIRUS, high fever, headache
west nile virus symptoms
no symptoms, may last weeks and have permanent affects
chickengunya
VIRUS. fever and joint pain. carribean
zika
no symptoms.
rocky mountain spotted fever
fever, nausea, vomitting, can be fatal
chagas disease
bacteria, can be symptom free or life threatening
emerald ash borer beetle pest
accidentally brought to the US. kills ash tree. can be transported by firewood.found in KY. killed by systemic insecticides.
spathius wasp
this will parasitize up to 90% of the emerald ash borer beetles.
fire ants
accidentally brought to alabama. in western KY.
how does the biological control work for the fire ant
phorid flies decapitate the ant.
hemlock wooly adelgid
sucks stored starches from the tree. came from asia. found in KY in 2006. moved by wind and birds.
