Exam 3

Question 1

Cognition

Answer 1

Mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

Question 2

Concept

Answer 2

Mental grouping of similar objects, events, people, and ideas

Question 3

Prototype

Answer 3

Mental images of the best example of a category - boy band

Question 4

Heuristic

Answer 4

Simple thinking strategy that allows us to make judgements and efficiently solve problems

Question 5

Algorithm

Answer 5

Methodical step by step process that guarantees the solving of a particular problem

Question 6

Insight

Answer 6

Sudden realization of a problem’s solution

Question 7

Confirmation Bias

Answer 7

Search for evidence that will confirm information; disregarding contradictory evidence

Question 8

Mental Set

Answer 8

Using a mindset or procedure or method that has worked in the past

Question 9

Intuition

Answer 9

Quick acting automatic source of ideas we use instead of careful reasoning

Question 10

Availability Heuristic

Answer 10

Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory

Question 11

Overconfidence

Answer 11

Tendency to be more confident that correct; overestimate accuracy of our beliefs and judgements

Question 12

Belief Perseverence

Answer 12

Clinging to one’s initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed is discredited

Question 13

Framing

Answer 13

The way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect devisions and judgements

Question 14

Creativity

Answer 14

Ability to produce novel and valuable ideas

Question 15

Convergent Thinking

Answer 15

Narrows the available problem solutions to determine the single best solution

Question 16

Divergent Thinking

Answer 16

Expands the number of possible problem solutions (Creative thinking that diverges in different directions)

Question 17

Language

Answer 17

Spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning

Question 18

Phoneme

Answer 18

In language the smallest distinctive sound unit

Question 19

Morpheme

Answer 19

In language the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or part of word - prefix/suffix

Question 20

Grammar

Answer 20

System of rules that enable communication

Question 21

Syntax

Answer 21

set of rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences

Question 22

Semantics

Answer 22

Set of rules for deriving meaning from sound

Question 23

Babbling Stage

Answer 23

Beginning at about 4 months, stage of speech development when infant utters sounds unrelated to the household language

Question 24

One-word stage

Answer 24

stage in speech development where the child speaks mostly single words (Age 1 or 2)

Question 25

Two-word stage

Answer 25

Age 2 - child speaks in mostly two word statements

Question 26

Telegraphic Speech

Answer 26

Early speech stage which a child speaks like a telegram using mostly nouns and verbs

Question 27

Aphasia

Answer 27

Impairment of language due to left-hemisphere damage either to Broca’s area (Impair speaking) or Wernicke’s area (Impair understanding)

Question 28

Broca’s area

Answer 28

Controls language expression - an area of the frontal lobe usually left hemisphere that directs muscle movements

Question 29

Wernicke’s area

Answer 29

Controls language reception - brain area involved in language comprehension and expression; left temporal lobe

Question 30

Linguistic determinism

Answer 30

Whorf’s hypothesis that language determines the way that we think

Question 31

Intelligence

Answer 31

a mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations

Question 32

General Intelligence

Answer 32

general intelligence factor that underlies specific mental abilities and therefore is measured by every task on an intelligence test

Question 33

Savant Syndrome

Answer 33

Condition where person with limited mental ability has one extreme skill/talent (exceptional drawing)

Question 34

Emotional Intelligence

Answer 34

Ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions

Question 35

Aptitude Test

Answer 35

Test designed to predict a person’s future performance

Question 36

Aptitude

Answer 36

Capacity to learn

Question 37

Achievement Test

Answer 37

Test designed to assess what a person has learned

Question 38

Mental Age

Answer 38

Measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; Chronological age that typically corresponds with a given level of performance

Question 39

Stanford - Binet

Answer 39

The widely used American revision