Exam 3

Question 1

Risks for infants with mothers who have DM?

Answer 1

Hypoglycemia, macrosomia, and birth injury

Question 2

HELLP Syndrome

Answer 2

A lab diagnosis for a variant of severe preeclampsia that involves hepatic dysfunction, characterized by (H) hemolysis, (EL) elevated liver enzymes, (LP) low platelet count

Question 3

Threatened miscarriage

Answer 3

Spotting of blood but with the cervical os closed; mild uterine cramping may be present

Question 4

Inevitable miscarriage

Answer 4

Moderate bleeding; often accompanied by rupture of membranes and cervical dilation

Question 5

Incomplete miscarriage

Answer 5

Involves the expulsion of the fetus with retention of the placenta (heavy, profuse bleeding; severe cramping; cervical dilation; passage of tissue)

Question 6

Complete miscarriage

Answer 6

Slight bleeding; mild cramping; passage of tissue; cervix has already closed after tissue passed

Question 7

Missed miscarriage

Answer 7

A pregnancy in which the fetus has died but the products of conception are retained in utero for up to several weeks.

Question 8

Symptoms of a septic miscarriage

Answer 8

Fever and abdominal tenderness

Question 9

Medication to complete a miscarriage

Answer 9

Prostaglandin medications (ex. Misoprostol) may be given orally or vaginally and are usually effective in completing the miscarriage within 7 days

Question 10

Classic symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy

Answer 10

Abdominal pain, delayed menses, and abnormal vaginal bleeding that occurs approximately 6-8 weeks after the last normal menstrual period

Question 11

Placenta previa

Answer 11

The placenta is implanted in the lower uterine segment such that it completely or partially covers the cervix or is close enough to the cervix to cause bleeding when the cervix dilates or the lower uterine segment effaces

Question 12

Risk factors for placenta previa

Answer 12

C-section, advanced maternal age (>35-40), multiparity, history of prior suction curettage, and smoking

Question 13

Symptoms of placenta previa

Answer 13

Painless bright red vaginal bleeding during the second or third trimester; vital signs may be normal; FHR normal unless a major detachment occurs; soft, relaxed, non-tender uterus with normal tone; fundal height greater than expected for gestational age

Question 14

Abruptio Placentae

Answer 14

The detachment of part or all of a normally implanted placenta from the uterus

Question 15

Risk factors for abruptio placentae

Answer 15

HTN, cocaine use, blunt external abdominal trauma, cigarette smoking, previous history, and multiparity

Question 16

Symptoms of abruptio plancetae

Answer 16

Vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, and uterine tenderness

Question 17

Preterm labor

Answer 17

Uterine contractions occurring between 20 and 37 weeks of pregnancy

Question 18

Symptoms of preterm labor

Answer 18

Uterine contraction occurring more frequently than every 10 minutes persisting for 1 hour or more; lower abdominal cramping; dull, intermittent low back pain; painful, menstrual like cramps; suprapubic pain or pressure; pelvic pressure or heaviness; urinary frequency; change in character or amount of usual discharge; and rupture of amniotic membranes

Question 19

Tool used to assess gestational age

Answer 19

The Ballard Score

Question 20

Square window

Answer 20

Angle of flexion at wrist d/t wrist flexibility and/or resistance to extensor stretching

Question 21

Scarf sign

Answer 21

Tests the passive tone of the flexors about the shoulder girdle.
Maturation: infant will only be able to reach nipple with their elbow, or the side of their chest wall.
Prematurity: infant will be able to make a full “scarf” with their arm across their whole chest

Question 22

Heel to ear

Answer 22

Measures passive flexor tone about the pelvic girdle by testing for passive flexion or resistance to extension of the posterior hip flexor muscles
Maturation: heel to the umbilicus
Prematurity: heel reaches all the way to the ear completely extended