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human sexuality > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

comstock laws

A

1870; outlawed sending information about contraception and contraceptive devices, or any other thing related to sexuality such as pornography through the mail

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2
Q

outercourse

A

sexual stimulation that excludes penile penetration

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3
Q

griswold vs. connecticut

A

1965; supreme court decreed states cannot prohibit married couples from using contraception

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4
Q

roe vs. wade

A

1973; legalized abortion for any reason during the first trimester

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5
Q

backup method

A

using two forms of BC, or emergency contraceptive

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6
Q

ACHES

A

mnemonic for side effects of the pill (Abdominal pain, Chest pain, Headaches, Eye problems, Swelling and/or aching in the legs and thighs)

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7
Q

male condom

A

definition: best protection from STIs (behind abstinence), common among teens and young adults
effectiveness: 98% perfect, 83% typical
significant side effects: n/a

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8
Q

female condom

A

definition: less STI protection than male condom
effectiveness: 95% perfect, 73% typical
significant side effects: n/a

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9
Q

patch

A

definition: wear a new patch each week for three weeks, no patch one week
effectiveness: 99.7% perfect, 92% typical
significant side effects:

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10
Q

emergency contraception

A

definition: plan B, must be taken within 72 hrs of intercourse
effectiveness: 80% reduced risk of pregnancy
significant side effects: nausea, dizziness

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11
Q

withdrawal

A

definition: pulling out, not a valid method of BC due to pre-ejaculatory fluid and short time lag
effectiveness: not really effective
significant side effects: n/a

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12
Q

vasovasostomy

A

surgical reversal of vasectomy; successful about 50% of time

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13
Q

diaphragm

A

definition: leave in place for 6 hrs after intercourse, no more than 24 hours total, available by Rx, no STI protection
effectiveness: 94% perfect, 84% typical
significant side effects: n/a

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14
Q

sponge/cervical cap

A

definition: blocks sperm from traveling to uterus, no STI protection
effectiveness: no effective if you haven’t given birth (91% perfect, 84% typical) compared to having given birth (77% perfect, 68% typical)
significant side effects:

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15
Q

vaginal ring

A

definition: wear inside vagina for three weeks then remove for one
effectiveness: 98% perfect use
significant side effects: vaginal irritation, may fall out

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16
Q

IUD - copper vs. hormonal

A

definition: intrauterine device, not STI protection
effectiveness: 99.9% perfect and typical use
significant side effects: cramps, bleeding, uterine perforation

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17
Q

contraceptive implant

A

definition:
effectiveness:
significant side effects:

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18
Q

tubal sterilization

A

definition: cut made in fallopian tubes
effectiveness: nearly 100%
significant side effects: severe gas, pain, risks of significant bleeding, infection, anesthesia reaction

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19
Q

spermicide

A

definition: leave in 6-8 hours after intercourse, stops sperm from moving, no STI protection
effectiveness: 82% perfect, 71% typical
significant side effects:

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20
Q

birth control pills

A

definition:
effectiveness: 99.7% perfect, 91.3% typical
significant side effects: breakthrough bleeding

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21
Q

injection

A

definition: matchstick sized, placed under skin, effective for 5 years
effectiveness: 99.95% perfect, 99% typical
significant side effects: acne, weight gain, ovarian cysts, mood changes

22
Q

fertility awareness

A

definition: tracking ovulation
effectiveness: 98% perfect use when tracking calendar, temperature signs of ovulation, and cervical mucus, 75% typical
significant side effects: n/a

23
Q

vasectomy

A

definition: male sterilization, vas deferens are cut through small incision in scrotal sac, blocking passage of sperm
effectiveness: nearly 100%
significant side effects: few side effects, doesn’t reduce sex drive

24
Q

transcervical sterilization

A

definition: coils inserted into fallopian tubes, causing tissue growth
effectiveness: nearly 100%
significant side effects: gas, pain, bleeding, infection, etc.

25
Q

Characteristics of women seeking abortions

A

.

26
Q

Hyde Amendment

A

1977; prohibited federal medicaid funds from being used to pay for abortion except to protect life of mother or cases of rape/incest; REAFFIRMED by Obama in 2010

27
Q

Changes in abortion rates/availability of abortion services

A

abortion rates have declined since 1995; availability has been decreasing

28
Q

medical abortion

A

definition: performed in first 7 weeks of pregnancy; women takes pill to block production of progesterone; takes another pill 2 days later and that expels the embryo
uses:
prevalence: accounts for 23% of nonhospital abortions
side effects:

29
Q

suction curettage

A

definition: performed 7-13 weeks; cervis opened with dilators and fetus/placenta/etc are removed by a vacuum
uses:
prevalence: most commonly used abortion procedure
side effects: infection, hemorrhage, uterine perforation

30
Q

dilation and evacuation

A

definition: performed 13-21 weeks (2nd trimester), cervix is dilated and fetus/associated tissue are removed with suction, forceps, and scraping
uses:
prevalence:
side effects: pain, bleeding, cervical trauma

31
Q

intact dilation and evacuation

A

definition: late term abortion, cervix dilated fetus crushed and removed feet first
uses:
prevalence: .2% of abortion
side effects:

32
Q

psychological effects of abortion

A

most women DO NOT experience significant negative emotional reactions, less likely to experience significant emotional distress if abortion is performed earlier in pregnancy and then receive support

33
Q

physiological causes of sexual dysfunction

A
  • older age
  • certain medications (anti-histamines, pain relievers, SSRIs and benzos)
  • substances of abuse (nicotine, cocaine, herion, weed, alc)
  • chronic illness/medical conditions (obesity, diabetes, cancer, MS, stroke, etc)
34
Q

psychological causes of sexual dysfunctiom

A

sexual trauma, negative experience, stress, depression, anxiety, negative self-talk, lack of education, lack of communication, relationship conflict

35
Q

male hypoactive sexual desire disorder

A

characteristics: for at least 6 mo, lack of interest in and desire for sexual activity
prevalence: 6% younger men, 41% males over 65 report some distress due to reduced desire
course: may begin in puberty and be life-long

36
Q

female sexual interest/arousal disorder

A

characteristics: for at least 6 mo, lack of or significant decline in sexual desire and arousal
prevalence: unknown
course:

37
Q

female orgasmic disorder

A

characteristics: delay in or absence of orgasm following a normal process of arousal occurring during 75-100% of sexual encounters
prevalence: 25%
course: more common in younger women as orgasmic capacity tends to increase with age

38
Q

genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder

A

characteristics: pain associated with intercourse (usually during, but could be after) for women
prevalence: 15% of women
course: most common in early adulthood and around menopause

39
Q

persistent genital arousal disorder

A

characteristics:
prevalence:
course:

40
Q

erectile disorder

A

characteristics: inability to achieve and maintain an erection until completion of sexual activity during 75-100% of sexual encounters for 6 mo
prevalence: 15-30mill in US, more common in older men
course: lifelong - from puberty unable to achieve an erection (rare)
acquired - develops after a period of normal functioning

41
Q

premature ejaculation

A

characteristics: orgasm and ejaculation before it is desired occurring during 75-100% of sexual encounters for at least 6 mo
prevalence: 25% of men report some concern regarding ejaculation
course: tends to decrease with age and time in relationship

42
Q

delayed ejaculation

A

characteristics: delay or absence of ejaculation during 75-100% of sexual encounters for at least 6 mo
prevalence: least commonly reported sexual difficulty for men, associated with physical issues depression and medical issues
course: increases after age 50

43
Q

vaginismus

A

involuntary contractions of pelvic floor muscles

44
Q

Peyronie’s disease

A

build up of fibrous tissues/calcium in cavernous bodies of penis, causing curvature and pain

45
Q

CBT for sex therapy

A

changing negative/unrealistic attitudes, improving communication, reducing anxiety, learning sex skills, addressing past traumas

46
Q

Process of sensate focus

A

explore methods of stimulation other than intercourse, read notes for more

47
Q

Eros

A

vacuum pump over clitoris that increases blood flow

48
Q

Alprostadil

A

injected vasodilating medication for arousal disorders; increases blood flow to penis, creates an erection regardless of sexual stimulation, not as successful for ED

49
Q

Priapism

A

prolonged/painful erection

50
Q

treatments for sexual disorders

A

read notes

human sexuality (2 decks)

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