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Jazz > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

4 Jazz composers who represented four different jazz canvas.

A

Monk (Blues, Standard song form)
Mingus (Conventional forms)
Gil Evans
George Russell (modalism)

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2
Q

Thelonius Monk

A

Round Midnight, not well known in early years, played at Minton’s, hired by Hawkins, recorded for Blue note, cabaret card taken away, signed with Riverside, worked with Coltrane, rollins and roach.

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3
Q

Charles Mingus

A

bassist, linked jazz and civil rights, “slap that bass”, played with kid ory in Armstrongs band, toured with lionel Hampton. Played with bird, powell, getz, miles, and ellington. Third stream. Criticized the jazz industry for depriving musicians of control over their work. Died form Lou Gehrig’s Disease

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4
Q

Gil Evans

A

Arranger (miles davis, monk, and mingus). Concerto form

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5
Q

George Russell

A

Bandleader (Musical theory for jazz; Lydian Chromatic Concept of Tonal Organization). Father of modal jazz. NOT AN INSTRUMENTALIST

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6
Q

Miles Davis

A

Wealth family, Eckstine band, Julliard and dropped out, hired by Charlie Parker. Middle register (softer sound). Harmon mute. Great Quintet (Coltrane, Garland, Chambers, Jones, Gil Evans), tough guy attitude and cool jazz

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7
Q

Davis’ First Orchestral Album

A

19 pieces, leaves quintet for Europe, recruits cannonball. fires Coltrane for drugs

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8
Q

Modal Jazz and Kind of Blue

A

Most celebrated album (KOB) bob and harmonically busy.

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9
Q

Bill Evans

A

New Jersey. Piano. Lousiana College. Waltz for Debby. 1995. “So What”

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10
Q

John Coltrane

A

Alto Sax, poor family, Tenor Sax, “sheets of sound”, navy, Modal and Avant-garde, “giant steps”, “my favorite things”, Tyner, Quartet (jones, tyner, polyrhythm, Garrison) free jazz with ornette coleman, “A love supreme” … his music became about a process. Ascension (alice on piano, and improvised)

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11
Q

Miles Davis’s Second Quintet

A

Hancock, Carter, Williams, Shorted. Avant-garde music postbop

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12
Q

Postbop

A

involved harmonic ambiguity, original compositions with new harmonic frameworks, and a radical lossening of the rhythm section

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13
Q

Avant-garde

A

originated in the French military to denote troops sent ahead of the regular army to scout unknown territory

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14
Q

First wave of Avant-garde

A

Surrealism, cubism, 12 tone music

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15
Q

Second Wave of Avant-garde

A

Expressed through film and jazz. The new trend in film that emanated from Europe was described as the new Wave

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16
Q

Avant-garde Characteristics

A

Rhythm: Dispensed with the steady beat preferring an ambiguous pulse or several pulses at one
Harmony: Pre-determined chords were thrown out in favor of intuitive improve
melody: No longer confined to harmonic patterns, but abstract drawings
Structure: stressed the exploration of all sonority through improve
Instrumentation: anything goes
Presentation: art
Politics: antiwar struggles and civil rights.

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17
Q

Ornette Coleman

A

“Jazz must be free”, Pulitzer Prize, Texas, Saxophone, Quintet with Blackwell, Atlantic records, Dirges and blues, mircrotones, concept of harmolodics

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18
Q

Cecil Taylor

A

Pianist, Free Jazz, Band with Steve Lacey, Played at Five Spot in NY, “The Unit” with Jimmy Lyons, preformed for president Jimmy Carter. Writes music as units

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19
Q

Eric Dolphy

A

Sax, Flute, Clarinet, Work with Mingus, Coleman’s Free Jazz, could play any style

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20
Q

Three Paradoxes

A
  1. For all the outrage it generated, the avant-garde engrosses and influenced many established musicians
  2. Despite its insistence on newness, the avant-garde turned out to be more historically inclusive than any previous style
  3. Although it failed to find popular acclaim, the avant-garde proved as durable as mainstream jazz
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21
Q

Sun Ra

A

Herman Blount, “Arkestra”, Eqyptian Costumes, first to presue full scale big band free improve (phree improve), drafted but refused to go to war, Slugg’s Saloon every Monday.

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22
Q

Fusion

A

all music situated on the boundary line between jazz and pop

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23
Q

R & B connection

A

“jump”, portrayed swing and boogie woogie.

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24
Q

Louis Jordan

A

Sax, singer, songwriter, bandleader, fathers band, joined chick webb, Louis Jordan and His Tympani Five

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25
Q

Ray Charles

A

Soul jazz, Poor in Georgia, raised in Florida, Blind by 7, orphaned by 14, jazz and hillbilly music, moved to seattle, Nat King Cole. Represented swing, bop, and R & B, gospel, and rock, ABC paramount

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26
Q

Soul Jazz

A

Hardbop with strong backbeat

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27
Q

Smith

A

R&B, studied piano, mastered B3 foot pedals to play complete bass line

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28
Q

Popular Singers of 1950s

A

Rosemary Clooney, Nat King Cole, Frank Sinatra, Sarah Vaughn

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29
Q

Frank Sinatra

A

Member of Rat Pack. Crooning technique. Joined Tommy Dorsey Band. Recoreded white Christmas, also in films

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30
Q

Sarah Vaughn

A

Piano and Organ, Won Amateure Context at 18. Sung with Earl hines and Eckstine. Headline at Café Society. Signs with Columbia, huge vocal range, popular song and jazz

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31
Q

Xavier Cugat

A

Spanish born, moved to cuba. Film, raido and music

32
Q

Carmen Miranda

A

Huge fruit hats, Introduced American audiences to Brazilian samba

33
Q

Mauria Bauza

A

Cubop. Born in Havana, worked in chick webb band, forms afro-Cuban band with frank grillo, and maracas player machito.

34
Q

Machito

A

Havana, Moved to US. Latin ensembles, hired by Mauria, based on clave rhythm.

35
Q

Differences in Latin Jazz band

A

In a latin band, the rhythm section is larger than the jazz configuration of piano, bass and drums. In addition to trap drums, the instruments played by a typical Cubop percussion team are timbales, congas, the bongos, maracas, claves and guiros.

36
Q

The Dizzy Factor

A

Gillespie worked with Bauza and recorded Manteca (arranged by George Russell)

37
Q

Bossa Nova

A

Brazillian Music, Antonio Carlos Jobim. Joao Gillberto. Soffter, melodic emphasis, in comparison to the more aggressive samba

38
Q

Bossa comes to the US

A
  1. Cuban Revolution
  2. Touring jazz muscians often sponsored by the State department discovered Jobim’s songs and embraced them. Dizzy Gillespie was one of the first jazz musicians to study Bossa during a visit to Brazil in 1961.
39
Q

Charlie Byrd

A

Guitarist, made jobim and gillberto realize that bossa nova was better for guitar

40
Q

Stan Getz

A

Played with Kenton, Goodman, and Hermans brothers, “Early Autum”

41
Q

Salsa

A

Created by Puerto Rican immigrants. First generation New Yorkers (Nuyoricans). “La Perfecta”

42
Q

British Invasion

A

1960s the beetles took over. Jazz moved to fusion to keep people happy

43
Q

Challenges to jazz in 1960s

A
  1. Youth audiences wanted a new kind of music, played by younger musicians
  2. Amplifications and electronic manipulation of sound produced a whole new range of timbres that jazz musicians were not used to
  3. By the 1960s rock was played in an even-eights groove as opposed to a swing groove
44
Q

Rock groups

A

emphasized a collective sound, rather than the emphasis of individual soloists

45
Q

Funk

A

Emerges with James Brown. Hand dense polyrhythm and harmonically sophisticated. It created a new dance groove

46
Q

Miles Davis

A

In 1970 releases “Bitches Brew” , best selling jazz album

47
Q

Miles Fusion

A

Electrified rhythm with Dave Holland (bass), chick corea, and gill evans

48
Q

Mahavishnu Orchestra: John Mclaughlin

A

One of the best jazz fusion groups of all time. Mahavishnu is all souls in the universe. Hammer, Laird, Goodman, and Cobham.

49
Q

Chick Corea

A

Learned from Horace and Powell. Was first a Scientologist. Played synthesizers and hired Connors and DiMeola

50
Q

Wayne Shorter

A

Leading soprano sax player. Music after high school. One of the first examples of “world” music (Native Dancer). Played all types of music

51
Q

Weather Report (Wayne Shorter)

A

longest-lasting group (15 yrs) Shorter and Joe Zawinul

52
Q

Jaco Pastorius

A

Jazz, Fusion, Funk bass player, Downbeat hall of fame, weather report member, “word of mouth”, drug addiction, died from physical beating

53
Q

Herbie Hancock

A

Davis’s Quintet, biggest hit “Chameleon”, Won Grammys and Oscar. “Cantaloop”

54
Q

Chameleon

A

Herbie Hancock and Headhunters (Mason, Jackson, Summers.

55
Q

Pat Metneny

A

Most critically acclaimed guitarists and band leaders, trumpet then guitar, Taught at U of Miami when only 18. Used synthesizer as serious instrument

56
Q

Smooth Jazz

A

Kenny G, upper class audience, radio driven, mass audience, Grover washington

57
Q

Kenny G.

A

King of Smooth Jazz

58
Q

Phish

A

Contemporary version of a band devoted to open-ended improvisation, but not a jazz band, its audience is much larger than any jazz band.

59
Q

Medeski, Martin and Wood (MMW)

A

Opened for Phish, Started as piano trio in NY, then played in rock gigs

60
Q

Acid Jazz

A

English Rave scene, bass-oriented, hypnotic electronic music for dancers

61
Q

Jazz/Hip-hop

A

Latest music to inform fusion. Example is Herbie Hancock. Us3, Older soloists put together hip-hop tracks. Lester Bowie, Plantes, and Carter with MC Solaar

62
Q

Historicism

A

Claimed that art must be viewed in its horstorical and sociocultural context, in contrast to the New Criticism, which denied context as important to understanding art. In jazz, these two viewers complemented each other. Martin Williams is propably the leading advocate of the New Criticism in jazz.

63
Q

Schools

A

Lenox School of Jazz (First dedicated jazz curriculum) - great faculty including Gillespie and Russell.. closed in 1960

64
Q

First University jazz Program

A

University of North Texas. Also Berklee served as a training ground for jazz musicians

65
Q

Young Musicians

A

Able to draw freely from the past

66
Q

Common Language

A

They all speak the same language.

67
Q

Jason Moran

A

Studided classical music, “round midnight”, loved Thelonious Monk! One of the first groups to combine avant-garde and mainstream jazz with hip-hop, electronic music, and world music. Human Motion

68
Q

Esperanza Spalding

A

Cellist, Bassist and Singer, Berklee, 4 grammys, “Chamber Music Society” and “Radio Music Society”

69
Q

Bobby McFerrin

A

10 Grammies, Good Voice, used body percussion, known for his work in music education

70
Q

Nancy King

A

Toured with Playboy Club circuit. Known for her scat singing and innovative syllables, worked with Allison, Hersch, Evans, Dee Dee.

71
Q

Cecile Mclorin Salvant

A

Born and raised in Miami Florida, moved to france, known for arrangements of early jazz, Down beat jazz critics winner for female vocalist

72
Q

Kurt Elling

A

Studied Divinity at Chicago. Friend introduced him to jazz, considered by many to be the best contemporary male jazz vocalist.

73
Q

Max Roach and Oscar brown

A

Wrote Freedom Something

74
Q

Abby Lincoln

A

Was important jazz singer

75
Q

5 Spot

A

Important place for development of avante garde

Jazz (3 decks)

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