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surgical procedures II > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is blood pressure defined as?

A

the force exerted on arterial walls causes by pumping action of the heart

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2
Q

Where will a patient with peripheral vascular disease (PVD) have pulse monitored?

A

extremities

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3
Q

What does a duplex ultrasound check

A

to see how blood moves through your vessels

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4
Q

What is angiography?

A

injection of contrast media into a vessel while x-rays are taken

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5
Q

How is a plethysmography test carried out?

A

blood pressure cuffs are placed on extremities to measure systolic pressure.

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6
Q

Where should be prepped for a venous access device?

A

both sides, chin, neck, and chest to top of breasts

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7
Q

Where is the prep for a AV shunt procedure

A

whole arm up to axilla

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8
Q

What forcep s are most common in vascular surgery?

A

DeBakey and Geralds

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9
Q

Which forcep has teeth in vascular?

A

Geralds

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10
Q

Whats the instrument called that holds the hydrajaw inserts

A

Fogarty clamps

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11
Q

What is the instrument that puts disposable clips?

A

spring clip appliers

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12
Q

What are bulldogs used for?

A

to occlude vessels

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13
Q

What is the instrument that have similar to DeBakey forceps but is a ratcheted clamp?

A

DeBakey clamps

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14
Q

What instrument looks like a nerve root retractor but pulls out all the valves inside a vein?

A

valvulotome

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15
Q

What clamp in vascular surgery has a curve like the top of an S

A

satinsky

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16
Q

When the surgeon is tying suture, what do you do?

A

wet their hands

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17
Q

what is used to tap suture?

A

rubber shods on mosquitos

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18
Q

What is it called when dying red blood cells out number the bone marrows production of red blood cells

A

hemolytic anemia

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19
Q

What disease can happen if the mother has an incompatible blood type?

A

hemolytic anemia

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20
Q

is sickle cell anemia inherited?

A

yes

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21
Q

What disease? Not enough healthy RBC to carry enough oxygen through the body

A

sickle cell anemia

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22
Q

how quick do Sickle Cells die?

A

20 days

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23
Q

How can a child be born with sickle cell anemia?

A

If both parents have the gene

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24
Q

What is it called when the body stops producing enough blood cells?

A

aplastic anemia

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25
Q

What is atherosclerosis

A

Plaque build up

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26
Q

what is arteriosclerosis?

A

Hardening of vessel

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27
Q

What is hemophilia?

A

disorder where blood lacks clotting factors so it doesn’t clot normally

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28
Q

What does leukemia normally include (2)

A

bone marrow and lymphatic tissue

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29
Q

what blood cells does leukemia normally affect?

A

WBC

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30
Q

Most common type of leukemia

A

Acute

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31
Q

what is cancer of the lymphatic system called?

A

lymphoma

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32
Q

Where does myeloma cancer form?

A

in a WBC called plasma cells

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33
Q

What is intermittent claudication?

A

pain caused by too little blood flow, typically affecting legs

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34
Q

what is gangrene?

A

death of body tissue due to lack of blood flow or bacterial infection

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35
Q

what is an aneurysm

A

excessive localized enlargement of an artery caused by weakness in the wall

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36
Q

what are varicose veins?

A

gnarled, enlarged veins

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37
Q

what is the condition where the veins have trouble sending blood from legs back to heart?

A

venous insufficiency

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38
Q

what does raynauds disease cause?

A

some areas of the body to feel numb and cold in response to cold temps or stress

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39
Q

what is thrombophlebitis?

A

when a blood clot blocks 1 or more of your veins

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40
Q

what measures the amount of oxygen in the blood capillaries?

A

pulse oximetry

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41
Q

What measures the end tidal CO2 (on the anesthesia machine)?

A

capnography

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42
Q

What is used to measure forced expiration?

A

spirometry

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43
Q

What is the most common examination of the respiratory system?

A

chest x-ray

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44
Q

What is the test called that places a needle in the posterior portion of the pleural space for analysis of pleural effusion

A

thoracentesis

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45
Q

what test is a direct analysis of the pH and gas concentrations in arterial blood

A

ABG analysis

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46
Q

What instrument is used to remove the periosteum from a rib

A

Doyen rib stripper

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47
Q

what is used to remove a rib?

A

rib shear

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48
Q

what clamp is used to grasp lung tissue?

A

collins and duval clamp

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49
Q

what clamp is used to clamp the bronchus?

A

sarot bronchus clamp

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50
Q

What retractor looks like an S shaped pancake flipper?

A

scapula retractor

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51
Q

what retractor looks like a whisk

A

Allison lung retractor

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52
Q

What self-retaining retractor is used to expand the ribs?

A

burford retractor

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53
Q

what instrument is used to bring the ribs back into place?

A

rib approximator

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54
Q

what supply is used to collect sputum or fluid samples?

A

Lukens trap

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55
Q

what does cystic fibrosis cause damage to

A

lungs and digestive tissue

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56
Q

what cells are affected with cystic fibrosis

A

cells that produce mucus, sweat and digestive mucus

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57
Q

what is pectus excavatumm

A

breastbone is sunken in

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58
Q

what is pectus carinatum

A

breastbone protrudes out

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59
Q

what is infectious bronchitis?

A

inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes

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60
Q

What is empyema

A

collection of pus in the pleural space

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61
Q

what does infections pneumonia infect?

A

inflames the air sacs in lungs

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62
Q

what is a severe form of pneumonia?

A

legionnaires disease

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63
Q

what does TB affect?

A

lungs

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64
Q

what is pleuritis?

A

when the pleura become inflamed

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65
Q

what is atelectasis

A

partial lung collapse

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66
Q

what is a pneumothorax

A

collapsed lung

67
Q

what is a hemothorax

A

a collection of blood in the pleural cavity

68
Q

what does COPD stand for?

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

69
Q

what is the leading cause of cancer death in the US

A

lung

70
Q

What is an electrical tracing of the heart that ID’s rate and rhythm?

A

EKG

71
Q

What is is called to listen to the heart with a stethoscope?

A

ausculation

72
Q

what is an echocardiogram

A

ultrasonic waves applied directly to chest wall to develop a picture of the muscle

73
Q

What does a stress test evaluate?

A

the hearts function after exertion and at rest

74
Q

what does it mean is a stress test shows a “cold spot”

A

areas of disease and damage

75
Q

what is an electrophysiology?

A

an internal EKG that places wires right on the heart

76
Q

What is a cardiac catheterization

A

placing a catheter (into femoral artery) and injecting with contrast while under fluoroscopy

77
Q

what is coronary artery disease

A

when major vessels that supply the heart become damaged or diseased

78
Q

what is angina

A

chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart

79
Q

what is the real name of a heart attack

A

myocardial infarction

80
Q

what is cardiomyopathy

A

condition where the heart muscle isnt normal

81
Q

what is it called when the hearts pumping power is weaker than normal

A

congestive hear failure

82
Q

What is tetralogy of Fallot causes by

A

a combo of 4 heart defects present at birth

83
Q

Patent ductus arteriosus is caused by what opening not closing after birth?

A

ductus arteriosus

84
Q

what happens in coarctation of the aorta

A

narrowing of the aorta

85
Q

what is atrial fibrillation?

A

irregular HR

86
Q

what is a ventricular fibrillation?

A

heart rhythm problems

87
Q

what is tachycardia?

A

faster than normal HR

88
Q

what is endocarditis

A

infection in inner lining of heart

89
Q

what is myocarditis?

A

inflammation of mycardium, middle layer of heart wall

90
Q

what is pericarditis?

A

welling and irritation of pericardium, the membrane surrounding the heart

91
Q

what does rheumatic fever develop from?

A

complications of strep or scarlet fever

92
Q

what happens with heart valve stenosis?

A

the valve doesnt open properly

93
Q

Why are carotids done

A

Peripheral vascular disease

94
Q

What’s the biggest structure around the carotid

A

Sternocleidomastoid

95
Q

Where does plaque build up in an artery

A

Tunica intima

96
Q

What test may be done before a carotid

A

Arteriography

97
Q

What is unique about the prep for a carotid?

A

Always paint, no scrub

98
Q

What position is a patient in for venous access device insertions

A

Trendelenberg

99
Q

What is the difference between tunneling and non tunneling for venous access

A

Non tunneling is inserted directly or percutaneously

Tunneling is when the catheter “tunnels” under the skin to a convenient location

100
Q

What is an imported catheter

A

Catheter that is completely under the skin

101
Q

What gets flushed through access ports?

A

Heparinzed Saline

102
Q

What are 2 other names for a vena cava filter?

A

Greenfield and IVC filters

103
Q

Where is a vena cava filter placed

A

Just below the renal vein

104
Q

What is a vena cava filter used for

A

To catch pulmonary emboli before they get to the lung

105
Q

What’s the different between an embolus and thrombus

A

Embolus moves, thrombus stays

106
Q

Where do you access the IVC from to insert the filter?

A

Femoral vein

107
Q

Why is a vein ligation done?

A

It’s enlarged and painful

108
Q

What does endovascular laser treatment so?

A

Causes vein to contract

109
Q

What happens in an AV fistula?

A

A connection is made between an artery and vein

110
Q

What is an AV fistula used for

A

Dialysis, end stage renal failure

111
Q

Where is access normally gained for an embolectomy

A

Femoral artery

112
Q

What is used when performing an embolectomy

A

Radiopaque solution

113
Q

What is an in-situ graft

A

When the vein being used to bypass doesn’t get removed, just moved

114
Q

What’s the most common symptom of an abdominal aortic aneurysm

A

Back pain

115
Q

What is a Broviak?

A

An implanted catheter

116
Q

Where do you clamp when performing an anteriotomty?

A

Proximally

117
Q

What may be used to dilate a vessel

A

Heparin needle

118
Q

Where does legionnaires thrive

A

In stagnant water

119
Q

What is a partial lung collapse called

A

Atelectasis

120
Q

What is blood in the pleural space

A

Hemothorax

121
Q

What is a pneumothorax?

A

Air and gas penetrating the pleural space

122
Q

What is COPD

A

Chronic bronchitis and emphysema together

123
Q

Where do you enter in a mediatinoscopy approach

A

Suprasternal notch

124
Q

What kind of scope is used in a mediatinoscopy?

A

Rigid

125
Q

What kind of scope is used to remove foreign objects from airway

A

Rigid scope

126
Q

What is epyema

A

Pus and drainage

127
Q

What are the 3 steps in a decortication of the lung

A

Inflate lungs
Visualize fibrin bands
Dissect them

128
Q

What is it called to remove a whole lung

A

Pneumonectomy

129
Q

What is it called to have heart and lungs all transplanted?

A

En bloc

130
Q

What are the attachments in a lung transplant

A

Bronchus, artery, vein

131
Q

What is it called to check for air leakage in a lung

A

Val salva

132
Q

What does the sternum get closed with?

A

Steel

133
Q

How is a pectus excavatum repaired?

A

A bar is tunneled and placed, attached to the bone with steel on both sides

134
Q

What is VATS

A

Video assisted thorascopic surgery

135
Q

Is a penimoperitoneum need for VATS

A

No

136
Q

Who runs the heart lung machine

A

Profusionist

137
Q

How many cannulas are placed in the heart and where do they go?

A

3, SVC,IVC, aorta

138
Q

When does the core body temp get brought down for putting someone of bypass

A

After putting in the cannulas

139
Q

Which cannula had cardioplegia

A

Aortic cannula

140
Q

What is cardioplegia used for?

A

To cool the heart

141
Q

What does potassium lower during bypass and why do we do that

A

Metabolism, reduces need for oxygen

142
Q

Where cannula does blood flow from body to heart lung machine through

A

SVC

143
Q

What cannula does the blood go back into the body in with the heart lunch machine

A

IVC

144
Q

What’s a way to cool the heart other than by cardioplegia

A

Slush

145
Q

What is a cabg

A

Coronary artery bypass grafts

146
Q

What 2 vessels could be used is a CABG

A

Saphenous vein or internal mammary artery

147
Q

What kind of cut is required with vein to artery

A

45 degree

148
Q

How does a heart restart after being in bypass

A

Shock

149
Q

How many chest tubes are used after a bypass

A

2-4, at least one straight and 1 angled

150
Q

What is MID-CABG

A

Minimally invasive direct coronary bypass graft

151
Q

What’s OP-CAB

A

Off pump coronary artery bypass

152
Q

What is IABP

A

Intra-aortic balloon pump

153
Q

What is a IABP used for

A

Patients waiting for a heart transplant

154
Q

What is the Seldinger technique

A

Femoral artery approach for anything

155
Q

What is a true aneurysm

A

Congenital, wall of artery is really weak

156
Q

Which kind of aneurysms do not rupture

A

True aneurysms

157
Q

What is an annulus

A

The opening where the valve sits

158
Q

What is atrial/septal defect

A

A hole in the septum between atrium and ventral

159
Q

What is it called when the pulmonary artery and aorta don’t disconnect after birth?

A

Patent ductus arteriosis

160
Q

What 4 things are fixed is a tetralogy of fallot

A

Ventricular septal defect, annulus dilation, valvulotomy, outflow

161
Q

What is an LVAD

A

Left ventricular assist device

162
Q

What is a heart transplanted if

A

Cold slush

163
Q

What 5 things get reanastomozed in a heart transplant?

A

SVC, IVC, PA, PV, Aorta

164
Q

What makes then pause happen in a heart beat

A

The bundle of His

surgical procedures II (3 decks)

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