Exam 3 Flashcards
1
Q
What is blood pressure defined as?
A
the force exerted on arterial walls causes by pumping action of the heart
2
Q
Where will a patient with peripheral vascular disease (PVD) have pulse monitored?
A
extremities
3
Q
What does a duplex ultrasound check
A
to see how blood moves through your vessels
4
Q
What is angiography?
A
injection of contrast media into a vessel while x-rays are taken
5
Q
How is a plethysmography test carried out?
A
blood pressure cuffs are placed on extremities to measure systolic pressure.
6
Q
Where should be prepped for a venous access device?
A
both sides, chin, neck, and chest to top of breasts
7
Q
Where is the prep for a AV shunt procedure
A
whole arm up to axilla
8
Q
What forcep s are most common in vascular surgery?
A
DeBakey and Geralds
9
Q
Which forcep has teeth in vascular?
A
Geralds
10
Q
Whats the instrument called that holds the hydrajaw inserts
A
Fogarty clamps
11
Q
What is the instrument that puts disposable clips?
A
spring clip appliers
12
Q
What are bulldogs used for?
A
to occlude vessels
13
Q
What is the instrument that have similar to DeBakey forceps but is a ratcheted clamp?
A
DeBakey clamps
14
Q
What instrument looks like a nerve root retractor but pulls out all the valves inside a vein?
A
valvulotome
15
Q
What clamp in vascular surgery has a curve like the top of an S
A
satinsky
16
Q
When the surgeon is tying suture, what do you do?
A
wet their hands
17
Q
what is used to tap suture?
A
rubber shods on mosquitos
18
Q
What is it called when dying red blood cells out number the bone marrows production of red blood cells
A
hemolytic anemia
19
Q
What disease can happen if the mother has an incompatible blood type?
A
hemolytic anemia
20
Q
is sickle cell anemia inherited?
A
yes
21
Q
What disease? Not enough healthy RBC to carry enough oxygen through the body
A
sickle cell anemia
22
Q
how quick do Sickle Cells die?
A
20 days
23
Q
How can a child be born with sickle cell anemia?
A
If both parents have the gene
24
Q
What is it called when the body stops producing enough blood cells?
A
aplastic anemia
25
What is atherosclerosis
Plaque build up
26
what is arteriosclerosis?
Hardening of vessel
27
What is hemophilia?
disorder where blood lacks clotting factors so it doesn't clot normally
28
What does leukemia normally include (2)
bone marrow and lymphatic tissue
29
what blood cells does leukemia normally affect?
WBC
30
Most common type of leukemia
Acute
31
what is cancer of the lymphatic system called?
lymphoma
32
Where does myeloma cancer form?
in a WBC called plasma cells
33
What is intermittent claudication?
pain caused by too little blood flow, typically affecting legs
34
what is gangrene?
death of body tissue due to lack of blood flow or bacterial infection
35
what is an aneurysm
excessive localized enlargement of an artery caused by weakness in the wall
36
what are varicose veins?
gnarled, enlarged veins
37
what is the condition where the veins have trouble sending blood from legs back to heart?
venous insufficiency
38
what does raynauds disease cause?
some areas of the body to feel numb and cold in response to cold temps or stress
39
what is thrombophlebitis?
when a blood clot blocks 1 or more of your veins
40
what measures the amount of oxygen in the blood capillaries?
pulse oximetry
41
What measures the end tidal CO2 (on the anesthesia machine)?
capnography
42
What is used to measure forced expiration?
spirometry
43
What is the most common examination of the respiratory system?
chest x-ray
44
What is the test called that places a needle in the posterior portion of the pleural space for analysis of pleural effusion
thoracentesis
45
what test is a direct analysis of the pH and gas concentrations in arterial blood
ABG analysis
46
What instrument is used to remove the periosteum from a rib
Doyen rib stripper
47
what is used to remove a rib?
rib shear
48
what clamp is used to grasp lung tissue?
collins and duval clamp
49
what clamp is used to clamp the bronchus?
sarot bronchus clamp
50
What retractor looks like an S shaped pancake flipper?
scapula retractor
51
what retractor looks like a whisk
Allison lung retractor
52
What self-retaining retractor is used to expand the ribs?
burford retractor
53
what instrument is used to bring the ribs back into place?
rib approximator
54
what supply is used to collect sputum or fluid samples?
Lukens trap
55
what does cystic fibrosis cause damage to
lungs and digestive tissue
56
what cells are affected with cystic fibrosis
cells that produce mucus, sweat and digestive mucus
57
what is pectus excavatumm
breastbone is sunken in
58
what is pectus carinatum
breastbone protrudes out
59
what is infectious bronchitis?
inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes
60
What is empyema
collection of pus in the pleural space
61
what does infections pneumonia infect?
inflames the air sacs in lungs
62
what is a severe form of pneumonia?
legionnaires disease
63
what does TB affect?
lungs
64
what is pleuritis?
when the pleura become inflamed
65
what is atelectasis
partial lung collapse
66
what is a pneumothorax
collapsed lung
67
what is a hemothorax
a collection of blood in the pleural cavity
68
what does COPD stand for?
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
69
what is the leading cause of cancer death in the US
lung
70
What is an electrical tracing of the heart that ID's rate and rhythm?
EKG
71
What is is called to listen to the heart with a stethoscope?
ausculation
72
what is an echocardiogram
ultrasonic waves applied directly to chest wall to develop a picture of the muscle
73
What does a stress test evaluate?
the hearts function after exertion and at rest
74
what does it mean is a stress test shows a "cold spot"
areas of disease and damage
75
what is an electrophysiology?
an internal EKG that places wires right on the heart
76
What is a cardiac catheterization
placing a catheter (into femoral artery) and injecting with contrast while under fluoroscopy
77
what is coronary artery disease
when major vessels that supply the heart become damaged or diseased
78
what is angina
chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart
79
what is the real name of a heart attack
myocardial infarction
80
what is cardiomyopathy
condition where the heart muscle isnt normal
81
what is it called when the hearts pumping power is weaker than normal
congestive hear failure
82
What is tetralogy of Fallot causes by
a combo of 4 heart defects present at birth
83
Patent ductus arteriosus is caused by what opening not closing after birth?
ductus arteriosus
84
what happens in coarctation of the aorta
narrowing of the aorta
85
what is atrial fibrillation?
irregular HR
86
what is a ventricular fibrillation?
heart rhythm problems
87
what is tachycardia?
faster than normal HR
88
what is endocarditis
infection in inner lining of heart
89
what is myocarditis?
inflammation of mycardium, middle layer of heart wall
90
what is pericarditis?
welling and irritation of pericardium, the membrane surrounding the heart
91
what does rheumatic fever develop from?
complications of strep or scarlet fever
92
what happens with heart valve stenosis?
the valve doesnt open properly
93
Why are carotids done
Peripheral vascular disease
94
What's the biggest structure around the carotid
Sternocleidomastoid
95
Where does plaque build up in an artery
Tunica intima
96
What test may be done before a carotid
Arteriography
97
What is unique about the prep for a carotid?
Always paint, no scrub
98
What position is a patient in for venous access device insertions
Trendelenberg
99
What is the difference between tunneling and non tunneling for venous access
Non tunneling is inserted directly or percutaneously
| Tunneling is when the catheter "tunnels" under the skin to a convenient location
100
What is an imported catheter
Catheter that is completely under the skin
101
What gets flushed through access ports?
Heparinzed Saline
102
What are 2 other names for a vena cava filter?
Greenfield and IVC filters
103
Where is a vena cava filter placed
Just below the renal vein
104
What is a vena cava filter used for
To catch pulmonary emboli before they get to the lung
105
What's the different between an embolus and thrombus
Embolus moves, thrombus stays
106
Where do you access the IVC from to insert the filter?
Femoral vein
107
Why is a vein ligation done?
It's enlarged and painful
108
What does endovascular laser treatment so?
Causes vein to contract
109
What happens in an AV fistula?
A connection is made between an artery and vein
110
What is an AV fistula used for
Dialysis, end stage renal failure
111
Where is access normally gained for an embolectomy
Femoral artery
112
What is used when performing an embolectomy
Radiopaque solution
113
What is an in-situ graft
When the vein being used to bypass doesn't get removed, just moved
114
What's the most common symptom of an abdominal aortic aneurysm
Back pain
115
What is a Broviak?
An implanted catheter
116
Where do you clamp when performing an anteriotomty?
Proximally
117
What may be used to dilate a vessel
Heparin needle
118
Where does legionnaires thrive
In stagnant water
119
What is a partial lung collapse called
Atelectasis
120
What is blood in the pleural space
Hemothorax
121
What is a pneumothorax?
Air and gas penetrating the pleural space
122
What is COPD
Chronic bronchitis and emphysema together
123
Where do you enter in a mediatinoscopy approach
Suprasternal notch
124
What kind of scope is used in a mediatinoscopy?
Rigid
125
What kind of scope is used to remove foreign objects from airway
Rigid scope
126
What is epyema
Pus and drainage
127
What are the 3 steps in a decortication of the lung
Inflate lungs
Visualize fibrin bands
Dissect them
128
What is it called to remove a whole lung
Pneumonectomy
129
What is it called to have heart and lungs all transplanted?
En bloc
130
What are the attachments in a lung transplant
Bronchus, artery, vein
131
What is it called to check for air leakage in a lung
Val salva
132
What does the sternum get closed with?
Steel
133
How is a pectus excavatum repaired?
A bar is tunneled and placed, attached to the bone with steel on both sides
134
What is VATS
Video assisted thorascopic surgery
135
Is a penimoperitoneum need for VATS
No
136
Who runs the heart lung machine
Profusionist
137
How many cannulas are placed in the heart and where do they go?
3, SVC,IVC, aorta
138
When does the core body temp get brought down for putting someone of bypass
After putting in the cannulas
139
Which cannula had cardioplegia
Aortic cannula
140
What is cardioplegia used for?
To cool the heart
141
What does potassium lower during bypass and why do we do that
Metabolism, reduces need for oxygen
142
Where cannula does blood flow from body to heart lung machine through
SVC
143
What cannula does the blood go back into the body in with the heart lunch machine
IVC
144
What's a way to cool the heart other than by cardioplegia
Slush
145
What is a cabg
Coronary artery bypass grafts
146
What 2 vessels could be used is a CABG
Saphenous vein or internal mammary artery
147
What kind of cut is required with vein to artery
45 degree
148
How does a heart restart after being in bypass
Shock
149
How many chest tubes are used after a bypass
2-4, at least one straight and 1 angled
150
What is MID-CABG
Minimally invasive direct coronary bypass graft
151
What's OP-CAB
Off pump coronary artery bypass
152
What is IABP
Intra-aortic balloon pump
153
What is a IABP used for
Patients waiting for a heart transplant
154
What is the Seldinger technique
Femoral artery approach for anything
155
What is a true aneurysm
Congenital, wall of artery is really weak
156
Which kind of aneurysms do not rupture
True aneurysms
157
What is an annulus
The opening where the valve sits
158
What is atrial/septal defect
A hole in the septum between atrium and ventral
159
What is it called when the pulmonary artery and aorta don't disconnect after birth?
Patent ductus arteriosis
160
What 4 things are fixed is a tetralogy of fallot
Ventricular septal defect, annulus dilation, valvulotomy, outflow
161
What is an LVAD
Left ventricular assist device
162
What is a heart transplanted if
Cold slush
163
What 5 things get reanastomozed in a heart transplant?
SVC, IVC, PA, PV, Aorta
164
What makes then pause happen in a heart beat
The bundle of His
